This spirit the Christian Church has sought to realize in Avhat are called Missions. No distinction need cA^er be made betAveen ' Home ' and ' Foreign ' ISIissions. Least of all should any be made Avhen Ave consider, as Ave do here, the spirit Avhich belongs to both. The resource and ingenuity of love Avill appear in all such enterprise. There is no poAver of modern life but Avill be pressed into service by the love Avhicli recognizes no limit to its operation, no limitation to its spirit. LegislatiA^e jJOAvers Avill be used for Avhat they are Avorth. Social organiza- tion, all that art or science can teach, — in a Avord, all tlie fulness of life, — Avill be permeated and freely used by this great laAv of love. That laAV Avill find its fullest application in the service of the alien and the foreigner. Here, if anyAvhere, the univer- sality of love will be seen ; Avhen the missionary breaks every tie that makes the SAveetness of his life, to carry the burdens of
' Sullen peoples, half devil and half child,"
he reveals the intensest manifestation of that love Avhose Divine note is sacrifice. It is no Avonder that the story of the triumphs of the gospel, or of the devotion of the missionary in strange and remote regions or in circumstances of peculiar
PHILIP
PHILIP
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physical peril and distress, has so often come back to the Christian Church ^vith a breath as of the ocean, a breath that infuses new life into the stale observance and gives new stinuilus to the jaded servant, a breath that whispers of T)rond > j)aces, of elemental forces, of the fulness of the Infinite, the
' Deep where all our thoughts are drowned.'
Missionary service must always be the perfection of pliilanthropj-. And philauthropj' is love without limit, and love is of God, for God is LovE.
LiTERATtRE. — Uhlhorn, Chri;itian Charity in the Aiicient Church; Wernle, Beginnin;^!!! of Christianity ; v. Dobschiitz, Christian Life in the Priniitirc. Church ; Seeley, Ecce Uonw; Harnack, Expansion of Christianity ; Storrs, JJirine Origin of Christianity ; Brace, Gesta Christi; Church, Gifts of Civiliza- tion ; and the followinjf Sermons : — on Jn 13** bv F. W. Robert- son (i. 234), Mt 1919 by C. H. Spun,'eon, Mk 1229 -i by A. Alex- ander. The question is also treated on the basis of the Sermon on the Mount by Gore, Trench, and Tholuck.
W. W. HOLDSWORTH. PHILIP (<t>i\i7r7ros, 'lover of horses'). — !. Philip the Apostle. — For the little that we know regard- ing him, beyond the mere mention of his name in the lists of the Twelve (Mt lO^, Mk S'*, Lk 6''), we ai'e wholly dependent upon a few scattered notices in the Fourth Gospel.
(1) The hrst of the-se tells the story of his call, which took place on the day after the call of Andrew and John with their respective brothers ( Jn l**^-)- And the fact that it is expressly men- tioned that Philip, like these men, belonged to Bethsaida, would seem to point to a certain amount of friendship as having already existed between them, while his Greek name (a peculiarity which among the Apostles he shared with Andrew) makes it at least possible that he himself was originally of Greek descent. This accords entirely with what we know of the mixed Gentile population of Beth- saida. Whether, however, this was so or not, Philip would seem to have belonged to the growing class of devout souls throiighout the land who were 'waiting for the consolation of Israel,' even if he had not, along witii the previously named dis- ciples, been an open follower of John the Baptist. For when Jesus 'finds' him — evidently not by accident but as the result of a deliberate search — and addresses to him the first direct call which, so far as we know. He addressed to any man, ' Follow me,' Philip immediately responds, and once and for all throws in his lot with his new blaster. So complete indeed is his surrender, that though as yet his knowledge of Jesus is very imperfect (cf. v.-'^ 'tlie son of Joseph'), he shows himself en- dued with the genuine missionarj" spirit in proceed- ing in his turn to ' find ' Nathanael, that together the}- may rejoice in the discovery of the promised Messiah. The very precision and minviteness of the temis, moreover, in which Philip announces that discovery, bring before us another aspect of his character, for they show him to have been a man of an anxious and careful turn of mind, asking for no conviction on the part of others until he has been first convinced iiimself, and ever ready to submit all doubts and prejudices to the test of actual experience (v.^ ' Come and see').
(2) Of this latter trait of the Apostle's character we have fiirther confirmation, from a somewhat dittei-ent point of view, in the next incident in which he is specially mentioned. For at the feeding of the Five Thousand in the wilderness it was to Philip that Jesus addressed the question, ' Whence are we to buy bread, that these may eat ? ' (Jn 6°). Some have thought that the reason of this was tliat Philip had charge of the commissariat of the Apostolic band, just as Judas acted as their treasurer; but of this there is no proof, and St. John expressly adds that Jesus'^aid this to ' prove ' him. The blaster knew His disciple's cautious