3. In the well-knoAvn passage Mt Ips-so jgsus ofiters the gift of repose (avawavais, EV rest) to those who will learn of Him. It is true, av6.Trav<ri.s
strictly speaking denotes relief from labour, a break to atibrd rest to tired toilers (see Trench, NT Synonyms, § 41) ; and it seems also to imply the resumption of labour. The words of Jesus, however, teach that to take His yoke and bear His burden, to live and serve as He teaches and as He lived and served Himself, will itself be avdiravaLs as compared with other modes of living and serving, the yoke of which is never to be resumed. ' A Christi corde manat quies in animas nostras' (Bengel, in loc.). Tranquillity of soul, then, is a promised accompaniment of true Chris- tian discipleship. A temper eagerly cultivated by Stoics (Mquanimitas was the last watchword given by Antoninus Pius to his bodyguard) is also a precious Christian grace.
' Drop Thy still dews of quietness, Till all our strivings cease : Take from our souls the strain and stress, And let our ordered lives confess The beauty of Thy peace.' (Whittier).
J. S. Clemens.
REPROACH.— The word is found in EV as a rendering of four Gr. terms that either occur in the Gospels or are used in the NT with reference to Christ Himself — the nouns ovuSos, 6veiSiaiJ,6s, and the vbs. 6vei5i(;u}, i;/3pifw. 6j'€t5os = ' shame,' as the ground of reproach (whereas dueLdia-fids is the actual reproaching), is found only in Lk 1^^ (of Elisabeth's barrenness), v^pli^w is once rendered 'reproach' (11'*^), but properly means to 'insult.' 6veC5i(Tii6s and oveLSi^u are the terms with which we are speciallj' concerned. The subject comes before us in three forms : ( 1 ) reproach as uttered by Christ ; (2) reproach as borne by Him ; (3) reproach as fall- ing upon His people.
1. As uttered by Christ. — The language of re- buke (itnTifjidw) is several times ascribed to Jesus (see art. Rebuke), but seldom the language of reproach. When we distinguish between the two, the ditterence seems to be that rebuke denotes the simple censure of a fault, while reproach carries with it some emphasis upon the personal shame ('dveiSos) attaching to it. And so it seems to be part of the method of Jesus, as understood by the Evangelists, to point out faults rather than to fasten the stigma of disgrace upon the culprit ; He was more anxious to effect improvement than to inflict punishment — His eyes being ever towards the future rather than towards the past (cf. ' Neither do I condemn thee : go thy way ; from henceforth sin no more,' in the Pericope Adulterce, Jn 8"). Once in EV (Lk 11^^) the word ' reproach ' is used with reference to our Lord's utterances, but there by a misrendering ; for the Gr. vb. is vjSpi^w, which means to ' insult,' not to reproach. But the Evangelist, it is to be noted, does not say that Jesus insulted any one ; it is ' one of the laAvyers ' who accuses Him of in- .sulting the legal class. It was not our Lord's way, however, to insult people, even though they were His enemies ; and, on examination, the charge of this lawyer serves only to illustrate the tendency of offended pride to regard a declaration of the honest truth as a ground of personal ottence.
Only on two occasions is the vb. 6v6l8L^w em- ployed to describe the language of Jesus, and both times AV renders ' upbraid,' which RV rather inconsistently retains. In Mt IP** Jesus reproaches the cities in which most of His miglity works were done, because they repented not ; and in the Ap- pendix to Mk. {W'*) He reproaches the Eleven for their slowness to receive the testimony of His resurrection. These cases suggest that Jesus did not hesitate to add reproach to rebuke when He thought it deserved. Capernaum was ' his own city ' (Mt 91, cf. 413) ; Chorazin and Bethsaida had shared with it in the fullest manifestations of His power and grace. The men whom He is said to
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have reproached for their unbelief and hardness of heart were those whom He had sjiecially chosen to be the depositaries and messengers of His gospel, and whom He had trained through long months for this very purpose, Lavishing upon them all the wealth of His Divine treasures of know- ledge and love. No wonder that in these cases the censure of Jesus became reproachful. And indeed His reinoach was more frequent than we might gather from the occurrence of the word in the Gospel narratives, and was most frequent when He was dealing with those of whom, loving them the best. He exjiected the most. Was He not speaking reproachfully when He said, ' How is it that ye do not understand?' (Mt 16^') ; ' How long shall I be with you ? how long shall I bear with you? (17^^) ; 'Have I been so long time with you, and dost thou not know me, Philip ? ' ( Jn 14^). Was there not a more piercing reproach in His voice when He said to the traitor, ' Judas, with a kiss dost thou betray the Son of ]\Ian ?' (Lk 22''8) ; and in His eyes when, as the cock crew. He turned and looked upon Peter (vv.^''- "') ?