Kv'pios. Class. ' lord,' ' master,' ' owner.' LXX passim for nin' 'Jehovah.' NT both with and without the article (a) for Jehovah, {b) for Christ.
\a6%. Class, 'nation,' 'people.' In LXX speci- ally of the chosen people. Hence in NT applied to Christians, Lk 1", Ac 15", He 49 al.
\enovpyia, -ia. Class. ' render a service to the state at one's own expense.' LXX (vb. ny^, subst. may), the service of the priests in the Tent and the Temple. So NT Lk r-3, He 8« 9'^i 10". [The classical idea is adopted in 2 Co 91^, Ph 2^^'. ]
\vTp6o). Class, 'release on payment of ransom'; ' deliver by payment of ransom.' In LXX of the action of God, 'deliverance' from evils, Dt 18', 2 Sam 7-3, Ps 49^(48)9 al. So in NT Lk 2421 (cf. Ac 7^'). XvTpov (*X.i3Tpa)<ris). Class. 'the price paid for ransom.' In LXX Xvrpov \pvxv^ ( = 1S3 'atonement") Nu 35'*i, Pr 13^, and XvTpuxTis coupled witli XiiTpucre- rai €K wacrQjv rwv dvofuQiv avTov, Ps 130 (129)''", show that the later writers of the OT were approaching the spiritual use of the words. Hence in NT
\vTp:,Ul Tit 2", 1 P 118, ,p^^ Mt 2028, ]^I1, 1045^ .p^<^,5
He 9'2.
(AvcTTiipiov. Class, 'a secret,' a mystery known only to the initiated. LXX 'hidden pui-pose, or counsel ' ; of men. To 12'- ", Jth 22 ; of God, Wis 222 g22_ jjj j^'p Qf God's plan of salvation which Mas not known until revealed to the Apostles, Mt 13iM = Mk 411, Lk 810), Ro ips al.
v6|jios. Class, 'usage,' 'custom'; 'law.' LXX 'the Mosaic law.' NT («) the volume of 'the Law,' Mt 12^, or its contents as binding upon Jews, Mt 51'*- ; (b) a burdensome and inefiectual system of commands and jDrohibitions from which Christ has freed us, Ro 3'-i and frequently.
olKo8op.e'<o (*-/xTj). Class, 'build.' LXX metaph. 'grant prosperity to,' Ps 28 (27)', Jer 33 (40)'. In NT 'help and prosper spiritually,' 'edify' (this use of the word was rendered easier by the thought of Christians as being the ' building ' and ' temple ' of God, Ac2032«;.).
SEPTUAGINT
SERMON ON THE MOUNT 607
ovojia. Class, 'name'; 'fame'; 'pretext.' LXX, all that a person's name implies, his per- sonality and attributes, 1 K 21 (3 K 20)«, Ca P. Very treq. of the Name of God. So in NT, of men Mt lO^i, Jn 5^»" ; of God Mt 6", Jn 12-«, and frequently.
ovpavos. Class, 'heaven,' 'sky.' LXX, a peri- phrasis used by late Jews for the Divine Name (Dn 4-*S 1 Mac .S'**"^- and freq.). NT in Lk IS^^-^i (see Dalman, The Words of Jems, Eng. tr. 217-220, and 91 fit").
irals. Class, 'child'; 'slave.' In LXX the word acquired a special force as representing a ' servant of Jehovah ' ; of men, Ps 113 (112)', Wis 2'* al. ; of the Messianic Figure in Is 41. 42 etc. So in NT of men who devoutly serve God, Lk P^*- '*''; of the Messiah, Mt 12^8, Ac ^'^- -« 42'- 3o.
irapaSeicros. Class, 'park,' 'pleasure-garden.' From the story of the garden of Eden (Gn 2. 3) the word came to be used figuratively in the OT for Divinely given peace and prosperity, Ezk 28'^. In Jewish apocryphal writings it acquired the mean- ing of an upper region in the ' third heaven ' ; cf. 2 Co 12-- •*. Hence it was used of the abode of the pious after death, Lk 23^^ Rev 2^.
ireipdto) {*-a<r/i6s). Class, 'test,' 'try.' LXX (=:nDj) (a) of men trying God, Ex 17-, Dt G'^, Is 7^- ; {h) of God testing men, Gn 22^. So in NT (a) Mt 4P, Ac 15^» ; (h) 1 Co lO^. Hence freq. of ' tempta- tion ' by the Devil.
irtpi. The LXX use of 7re/)t [r^j] a/xaprlas to express nasn or nxan 'a sin-offering,' Lv6^8<^^' li^^ al., Ps 40 (39)', led to the use of wepi in the NT with a sacrificial force, ' to expiate or atone for (sins) ' (He 10''), Ro 8^ He 5» W- -'« al.
TrepiTe'fiveiv {*-To/jLrj). Class, 'cut round'; 'cur- tail'; ' intercejit.' LXX freq. 'circumcise,' NT («) 'circumcise' (physically); {b) 'separate from lust and spiritual impurity,' Col 2^\ Ro 2^9 (cf. Ex 612. 30^ Lv 2G^', Ezk 44^ Ac 7=').
•!rio-T€\5«iv, irio-Tis. The broad distinction between the classical and the Biblical use is that in the former 'belief is intellectual, in the latter it is spiritual. (See Hatch, Hihbert Lectures 1888, Lect. xi., and Essays in Biblical Greek, pp. 83-87 ; Sanday-Headlam on Ro 1", 'The meaning of Faith').
irvevfjia. Class. ' wind,' ' air ' ; ' spirit,' the life principle of all created things; also 'inspiration,' ' afflatus ' ; later ' the all-pervading Soul ' of the Stoics. In the OT a moral force is added to the word, a power derived from God, Ps 51 (50)'--^^, Job 328, Ij. 4816 gii_ Hence in NT (a) the ' spirit ' of man, the highest part of his trichotomy ; (b) the Holy Spirit.
iropvevo), -veia, -vf\. Class, 'commit fornica- tion.' LXX metaph. of the worshij)ping of idols by Israel, God's bride, Hos 1= 9\ Ps 73 (72)", Jer 3" al. Hence fret), in Apoc, and at least Avith the underlying thought in Jn 8'*^.
Trpo<|>iiTT)s, -T€V(D (*-Tila]. Class. 'interpret an oracle,' 'foretell.' In LXX and NT the words gain a higher meaning than that of interpreting the frenzied utterances of a fiavTis. A ' prophet ' is one ins)>ired with <a Divine intuition to declare God's will lioth in historical events and in things spiritual.