Literature. — Schaff, Die Siinde wider d. heil Geist ; Miiller, Chr. Doct. of Sin, ii. 418 ; Gloag, Exeget. Stud. i. ; Salmond,
ance which he sought was a change of mind on his father's part, not on his own. But Isaac had already bestowed the blessing, and the past could not be undone..
Chr. Doct. of Immort. 379 ; Stevens, Theol. of NT, 102 ; Butler, Serm. x. ' Upon Self-Deceit ' ; Mozley, ifniv. Serin,, ii. ' The Pharisees' ; Bunyan, Grace Abounding ; ExpT iii. [1891-1892] 49, 215, 240, 555, xi. [1899] 1, 49 ; Expositor, n. iii. [1882] 321.
J. C. Lambert.
UPPER ROOM.— 1. The words 'guest-chamber' and 'upper room.' — (1) Guest-chamber (KaraXv/xa). In the LXX /cardXu/xa denotes (a) an inn or lodging- place : Ex 4-^ Sir 1425, Jer 148; (j) ^ dwelling- place in general: Ex 15^3, Jer 322* (=25^8) 401^ (=3312), Ezk 2321, 1 Mac 3«; (c) a chamber con- nected with a sanctuary or the Temple : 1 K' ( = 1 S) J 18 922^ 1 Ch 28^^, being in one case the room where the sacrificial meal was eaten, 1 K ( — 1 S) 9^2 ; (d) a tent : 2 K (=2 S) 7« ; (e) the tabernacle : 1 Ch 17^ (not B). In the NT /cardXu^a occurs only in Lk 2'' (inn, or possibly guest-chamber) and Mk 14", Lk 22'i (apparently guest-chamber). The best MSS of Vulg. have diversorio in Lk 2'' ; refectio mea (also in bfi) in Mk 14'*, diversonum in Lk 22". Of other Lat. MSS (besides differences of spelling, — divor., dever.), in Lk 2^ e has stabu. ; in Mk 14" 'K* q have diversoriuni meum, Z has diversorium meum refectio mea, B H O Mt O have diversoriuni meum et refectio mea, ff.2 has re- fectorium, k has hospitium ; in Lk 22'^ efr have hospitium, a has refectio, I has locus.*
(2) Upper room {6.va.yaLov in best MSS : other MSS have avoyaiov, avcayiwv, dvwy^us, avthyaiov, dvuiyeov).
In the LXX dvdyaiov does not occur in any form, vwepi^ov occurs tAventy-three times, apparently always in the sense of upper room. In the NT dvdyaiov (TR dvJjyeov) occurs only in Mk 14'^, Lk 2212, {jTrep^ov occurs only in Ac l^^ g^'- »» 20^, both words in the sense of upper room. The best MSS of Vulg. have cenaculum for both words in all places. Of other Lat. MSS (besides differences of spelling,— cae»., coen., cin., cenn.), in Mk 14'^ k has sub 'pedaneum' sterranceum (having appar- ently first written subpedaneum, and then tried to alter it to sterranceum), q has locum stratinn, ff^ has stratum ; in Lk 22^2 a has mcedianum, b has pede piano locum, d has superiorem domum, q has siiperiorem locum, ceff^ir have in superioribus locum, I has in suj^enoribus ; in Acts P^ deg-ig MSS used by St. Augustine (Adv. Fel. Man. i. 4 ; De unit. eccl. 27) have superiora, G'^^" O p^ tepl have cum introissent in cenaculum ascenderunt in superiora (combining cenaculum, with superiora : see Wordsworth and White's note on Ac l'* in their edition of Vulg. ) ; in Ac 9^'' m, has superiori cmnaculo,p has superioribus ; in 9^^ m has superiora ccenaculi, ep have superioribus; in 20^ d has sup- erioribus.
2. Events in the upper room. — (1) The Last Supper (wh. see) : Mk 14", Mt 2&'\ Lk 22" ; (2) the washing of the Apostles' feet and subsequent discourse : Jn IS^-^" ; (3) the prophecy of the betrayal of our Lord by Judas: Mk W^-^^, Mt 2621-25, Lk 2221-23, Jn 1331-35 . (4) the Institution of the Eucharist: 1 Co 1123-25, Mk I422-25, Mt 2626-29, Lk 2219- 2« (see Lord's Supper) ; (5) the prophecy of the denial of our Lord by St. Peter and sub- sequent discourse: Lk 2231-38, Ja \^^-^ ; cf. Mk 1427-31, Mt 2631-35, where such a prophecy — either that here recorded or a repetition of it — is placed after the departure from the upper room ; (6) dis- course : Jn 14 ; (7) the departure from the upper room : Mk I426, Mt 2Q^\ Lk 2239, j^ i42i_
It is possible that the room in an unspecified house in Jerusalem where the disciples met after the Resurrection (Mk 16", Lk 2433-38, Jn 20i9-26), and ' the upper chamber (inrfp(^ov) where they were abiding' after the A.scension (Ac l'^^), were the same as the ' upper room ' (dvdyaiov) in which the
* The signs here used are those adopted in Wordsworth and AVhite's edition of the Vulgate, and Old Latin Biblical Texts. See also Hastings' DB iii. 47-62, iv. 873-890.
UPPER ROOM
UZZIAH
789
above events took place ; and that this, again, was in ' the ho\ise of Mary the mother of John whose surname was INIark ' (Ac 12'-). 'The combina- tions are quite legitimate, and only give unity and compactness to the history, if we suppose that the house of Mary and her son was the one cen- tral meeting-place of the Church of Jerusalem throughout the Apostolic age' (Sanday, Sacred Sites, p. 83). At the same time, there is no positive evidence in the NT for identifying the avdyaiov of Mk 14l^ Lk 22^2 ^^itji ^jig {nrep(^ov of Ac 11=*, or for placing it in the house of Mary the mother of John.