(iii.) It might be said of each of the foregoing heads, and it maj' be said specially of tliat which turns upon the relativity of the teaching tiiat emerges from history, that at most the objection does but amount to this, that the theology of St. Piiul, .so far as it rests on tiie grounds enumerated, is subject to the conditions of all things human. All things human are relative, and relative, in particular, to the age to wliich tliey belong. But in this (lass at least of things human, while there is the perisliable envelope wliich is inevitably stri])ped ofl' by time, there is no less sometiiing permanent as well, a permanent residuum or deposit — not always definable in words, but very real and very ])recious — which passes on into all the ages that follow. Tliis we believe to be true pre-
eminently of the first age of Christianity, and true, in particular, in a very high degree of the teaching of St. Paul. The world since his day — and not the Christian world alone — has drawn sustenance from it to an extent of which it is probable that, with all its eulogies of the Apostle, it has never been fully " a large ingredient of Pauline
life-blood that courses in a
aware. There is teaching in the very Christian's veins.
Literature. — The subject of St. Paul in his relation to Christ has been much discussed in recent years, and that on critical and modern lines. The larger works are : Feine, Jesus Christus und Paulus (1902) ; Goguel, L'Apotre Paul et Jesus- Christ (1904) ; and in English, Knowling, Witness oj the Epistles (1892), and The Testimony of St. Paul to Christ (1905). Dr. Knowling's two books are written with exhaus- tive knowledge, and with his invariable lucidity and accu- racy of statement and admirable temper ; they. cover a wide extent of surface, and all that can be said on the other side is that, perhaps owing to some defect of construction, they ma>- seem to be more \ipon the surface than they really are. There is a crowd of smaller tracts and articles, for the most part
dating from the last two or three years. Among these ma\- he mentioned : H. J. Holtzmann, ' Jesus und Paulus ' in Prat. Monatschrift (1900) ; Kolbing, Die geistige Einwirkung der Person Jesus auf Paulus (1906) ; Wrede, Paulus 2 (1907) Jiilicher, Paulus und Jesus(19<)7) [both in the series of Religions geschichtliche Volksbiicher] ; Julius Kaftan, Jesus und PaiUtis (1906) ; and Arnold Meyer, Wer hat das Christenthum begriindet ; Jesus Oder Paulus"! (1907). Of these, the writer thinks that he has derived most from the two tracts of Wrede and Jiilicher — from Wrede in a negative sense, and from Jiilicher in a positive. Wrede has constituted himself a sort of advocatus diaholi in the case of St. Paul : his writings are all marked by very great sincerity ; and his sincerity takes the form of bringing all the objections that the natural man of the twentieth century might be moved to bring. Wrede's striking career was cut short somewhat abruptly on 23rd Nov. 1906. Jiilicher's pamphlet the writer believes to be one of the very best productions of its author ; when allowance is made for the point of view, it is full of sym- pathy and insight. Kaftan is also very good, but not quite so good in the second part of his little treatise as in the first. The anon, work, The Fifth Gospel: being the Pauline Inter- pretation of the Christ (1907), and Pu Bose, The Gosp. ace. to St. Paul (1907), may also be recommended.
W. Sand.w.
INDEXES
1. INDEX OF SUBJECTS
Aaron, i. 1* ; ii. 416'>.
Abba, i. P.
Abel, i. 3^.
Abgar, i. 3^, 685».
Abia, i, 4''.
Abiathar, i. 4*'.
Abiding, i. 5% 280, 446''; ii.
802\ Abijah, i. 6*. Abilene, i. 6''. Abiud, i. &\ Ablution, i. 174*'; ii. 12^ 16'',
457". Abomination of Desolation, i. 6''. Above and Below, i. 7''. Abraham, i. 8'', 568* f.
Apocalypse of, i. 91*. Abraham's Bosom, i. 8^ 220*. Absolution, i. 9''. Abyss, i. 12*. Acceptance, i. 12*. Access, i. 12^ Accommodation, i. 15*. Accusations against Christ, i.
209" f., 575"; ii. 752* ff. Achim, i. 24". Activity, i. 24" ; ii. 1*. Acts of the Apostles, i. 25".
Preaching in, i. 479" ; ii. 399". Adam, i. 28*.
Second, i. 477" ; ii. 633".
and Eve, Histories of, i. 90". Addi, i. 29". Adoption, i. 307*, 697". Adoptianists, ii. 850", 854". Adultery, i. 29". Advent, i. 32*. Adversary, i. 34*. Advocate, i. 34", 742* f. ; ii. 317". ^non, i. 35* ; ii. 550". yEon, i. 92*.
Affliction, i. 35" ; ii. 667*, 759*. Agape, ii. 69*. Age, i. 36*, 787*. Agony, i. 36", 16" f., 48*, 74*,
215*, 454", 685*. Agrapha, ii. 574*. Agriculture, i. 38".
Ahaz, i. 40".
Ahimelech, i. 4".
Akeldama, i. 40" ; ii. 384"o
Alabaster, i. 41".
Alexander, i. 42*.
Allegory, ii. 314*.
Almsgiving, i. 42*, 647" ; ii.
599*. Aloes, i. 43*.
Alpha and Omega, i. 43". Alphjeus, i. 45",lo3". Altar, i. 46*.
Amazement, i. 47* ; ii. 684*. Ambassage, i. 48". Ambition, i. 49*. Amen, i. 49" ; ii. 792". Am ha'arez, i. 52*. Amminadab, i. 52". Amon, i. 52". Anathema, i. 404". Andrew, i. 52". Angels, i. 53*, 20*, 91". Anger, i. 60'^. Animals, i. 62". Animism, i. 186*. Anise, i. 69". Anna, i. 70*. Annas, i. 70*. Announcements of Death, i. 70",