Dictionary
of th(
Apostolic Church
/
^'
Dictionary
of the
Apostolic Church
EDITED BY
JAMES HASTINGS, D.D.
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
JOHN A. SELBIE, D.D.
AND
JOHN C. LAMBERT, D.D.
VOLUME I AARON-LYSTRA
New York: CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
Edinburgh: T. & T. CLARK
1916
Copyright, 191G, by CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
The above copyright notice is for the protection of articles copyrighted in the United States.
Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, have the sole right of publication of this Dictionary of the Apostolic Church in the United States and Canada.
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PREFACE
It has often been said that the Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels is of more practical value than a Dictionary of the Bible. From all parts of the world has come the request that what that Dictionary has done for the Gospels another should do for the rest of the Xew Testament. The Dictionary of the Apostolic Church is the answer. It carries the history of the Church as far as the end of the j&rst century. Together with the Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels, it forms a complete and independent Dictionary of the New Testament.
The Editor desires to take the opportunity of thanking the distinguished New
OD Testament scholars who have co-operated with him in this important work.
30S202
AUTHORS OF ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME
Allen (Willoughby Charles), M.A.
Archdeacon of Manchester ; Principal of
Egerton Hall, Manchester ; author of ' The
Gospel according to St. Matthew' in The
International Critical Commentary.
Anointing, Children of God, Gospels,
Kingdom of God.
Allworthy (Thomas Bateson), M.A. (Camb.), B.D. (Dublin). Perpetual Curate of Martin-by-Timberland, Lincoln ; Founder and First Warden of S. Anselm's Hostel, Manchester. Ampliatus, Andronicus, Apelles, Aristo- bulus, Asyncritus, Epaenetus, and other proper names.
Banks (John S.), D.D.
Emeritus Professor of Theology in the Wesleyan Methodist College, Headingley, Leeds ; author of A Manual of Christian Doctrine. Christian, Contentment.
Batiffol (Pierre), Litt.D.
Pretre catholique et prelat de la Maison du Pape, Paris ; auteur de Tractatus Origenis de libris scripturarum (1900), Les Odes de Salomon [\^\\), La Paix constantinienne et le Catholicisme (1914). Ignatius.
Beckwith (Clarence Augustine), A.B., A.M., S.T.D. Professor of Systematic Theology in Chicago Theological Seminary ; author of Realities of Christian Theology ; departmental editor of the Neio Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge.
Beast, Blindness, Blood, Dysentery, Fever, Gangrene, Lamb, Lion.
Bernard (John Henry), D.D. (Dublin), Hon. D.D. (Aberd.), Hon. D.C.L. (Durham). Bishop of Ossory, Ferns, and Leighlin ; some- time Archbishop King's Professor of Divinity, Dublin, and Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral. Descent into Hades.
Boyd (William Falconer), M.A., B.D. (Aberd.), D.Phil. (Tiibingen). Minister of the United Free Church of Scot- land at Methlick. Alexander, Crown, Desert, Gog and Magog, Israel, Jew, Jewess, and other articles.
Brooke (Alan England), D.D.
Fellow, Dean, and Lecturer in Divinity at King's College, Cambridge ; Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of S. Alban's ; author of A Critical and Exegetical Com- mentary on the Johannine Epistles. James and John, the Sons of Zebedee, John (Epistles of).
BuLCOCK (Harry), B.A., B.D.
Minister of the Congregational Church at Droylsden, Manchester. Anger, Care, Cheerfulness, Comfort, Commendation, Fool, Grief, and other articles.
BuRKiTT (Francis Crawford), M.A., F.B.A., Hon. D.D. (Edin., Dublin, St. And.), D. Theol. h.c. (Breslau). Norrisian Professor of Divinity in the Univer- sity of Cambridge ; author of The Gospel History and its Transmission.
Baruch (Apocalypse of).
Burn (Andrew E.), D.D.
Vicar of Halifax and Prebendary of Lichfield ; author of The Apostles' Creed (1906), The Nicene Creed (1909), The Athanasian Creed (1912). Confession, Hallelujah, Hymns, Inter- cession.
Carlyle (Alexander James), M.A., D.Litt., F.R. Hist. Soc. Lecturer in Economics and Politics at Univer- sity College, Oxford. Alms, Community of Goods.
Case (Shirley Jackson), M.A., B.D., Ph.D.
Professor of New Testament Interpretation in the University of Chicago ; author of The Historicity of Jesus, The Evolution of Early Christianity ; managing editor of The American Journal of Theology. Allegory, Interpretation.
Clark (P. A. Gordon).
Minister of the United Free Church at Perth. Divination, Exorcism, Lots.
Clayton (Geoffrey Hare), M.A. Fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge.
Corinthians (Epistles to the), Eucharist, Love-Feast.
VUl
AUTHORS OF ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME
Clemens (John Samuel), B.A., Hon. D.D. (St. And.). Governor of the United Methodist College at Ranmoor, Sheffield.
Bondage, Constraint, Liberty, Lord's Day.
Cobb (William Frederick), D.D.
Rector of the Church of St. Ethelburga the Virgin, London ; author of Origines Judaicm, The Book of Psalms, Mysticism and the Creed.
Antipas, Balaam, Euphrates, Hymenaeus, Jannes and Jambres, Jezebel, and other articles.
Cooke (Arthur William), M.A.
Minister of the Wesleyan Methodist Church at Wallasey, Cheshire ; author of Palestine in Geograjjfiy and in History. Elamites, Galilee.
Cowan (Henry), M.A. (Edin.), D.D. (Aberd.), D.Th. (Gen.), D.C.L. (Dunelm). Professor of Church History in the University of Aberdeen ; Senior Preacher of the Uni- versity Chapel ; author of The Influence of the Scottish Church in Christendom, John Knox, Landmarks of Church History.
Apphia, Archippus, Epaphras, Epaphro- ditus.
Cruickshank (William), M.A., B.D.
Minister of the Church of Scotland at Kinneff, Bervie ; author of The Bible in the Light of Antiquity.
Arts, Clothes, Games, Jerusalem, Key, Lamp, and other articles.
Davies (Arthur Llywelyn), M.A.
Simcox Research Student, Queen's College. Oxford.
Ascension of Isaiah, Assumption of Moses, Enoch (Book of).
Dewick (Edward Chisholm), M.A. (Camb.).
Tutor and Dean of St. Aidan's College, Birkenhead ; Teacher of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Liverpool ; author of Primitive Christian Eschatology. Eschatology.