teristic Pauline phrase (see J. A. Robinson, Ephes., London, 1903, p. 22 tt".). So again in Lk 6-2 'cast out your name ' is equivalent to 'cast you out' ; in Ac 15'^ Barnabas and Paul are said to have hazarded their lives for the name of Jesus, i.e. for Him.
In the above passages the translation 'by the authority of ' is not possible. But ' in the name ' can well be so translated in some passages, as when the disciples spoke or preached in Jesus' name, Ac 4'7'- (iwL) ^■"(iv) ; cf. Lk 24« (iTrl) ; though here also it can be rendered ' as the representatives of.' So 'by the authority of suits best in passages where devils are cast out or mighty works done ' in the name,' as Mt 7^'' (dative without prep.), Mk 9^** (iv, iTrl), 'Mk' 16"" (iv), Lk 9^^ (^»', v.l. iirl), Ac 3« (iv • cf. A''- '") ; and in Lk 10", where demons are subject in (iv) Christ's name.
Three passages remain to be considered. Mk 9''^ has ' in (iv) name that ye are Christ's,' which is usually treated as an idiom : ' because ye are Christ^s' (RV, Swete ; the text followed by AV is faulty here), though Chase (JThSt viii. 170) renders 'in the Name, because ye are Christ's.' In Mt 10^^'- 18^" ds is used. In the former passage, ' into the name of a prophet ' or ' disciple ' can only mean 'as a prophet' or 'disciple,' i.e. with a view to the prophetic office or to discipleship. In the latter, ' gathered together into my name ' is best rendered as ' drawn nigh to me ' ; cf. Dt 12', 1 K 9^ (so Chase, loe. eit.).
Another line of interpretation of the passages with 'in the name ' is that of F. C. Conybeare, who makes 'in the name of Jesus' a theurgic formula, an application of ancient magic (J_QE ix. 66, 581). B^or an answer to this theory, which is quite in- applicable to several of the passages cited above, and which takes no account of the OT use of ' the Name,' see G. B. Gray in EDB iii. 480.
VVe may now consider tlie baptismal passages. In Mt 28l^ Ac 8^6 19^, 1 Co l^^- is we read of baptism ' into (eh) the name ' ; and so 1 Co 10- ' into Moses,' 12'* 'into one body,' Ac 19* 'into John's baptism,' Ro 6*, Gal 327 'into Christ,' or 'into his death'; while in Ac 2'*^ lO""^, 1 Co 6^^ we read of baptism ' in (iv) the name.' The usual interpretation, at least of the former set of passages, is that the neophytes are in baptism incorporated with the Holy Trinity, or with Christ, with a view to (eh) remission of sins (Ac 2***) or to dying with Christ ; the disciples of John are baptized with his baptism. Further, ' into the name ' implies proprietorship : we are baptized so as to belong to God ; and the same idea attaches to iir dvdfiaros, by which Justin ex- plains baptism to the heathen (above, 4 ; see Swete, Holy Spirit in NT, p. 125 ; Chase, Jl'hSt vi. 501). If /Sairrifw conveyed to the first Christians the idea of immersion (above, 5), this interpretation follows necessarily. In that case, what is the difference, if any, between baptism ' in ' and ' into ' ? Chase, who upholds the above interpretation, thinks that both involve the idea of incorporation or union, though the latter emphasizes the entrance into the name, while the former conveys the idea of tlie name encompassing the baptized (JThSt viii. 177, 184).
This line of interpretation is denied by Robinson (EBi, art. ' Baptism,' and JThSt vii. 191 ), who holds that eh and iv are synonymous in the NT, as they undoubtedly are in the Modern Greek vernacular, which has entirely lost iv except in a few phrases, eh having taken its place. On this view, ' in the name ' is the translation preferred, and it is taken to mean ' by the authority ' of the person men- tioned. The statement that the two prepositions have the same meaning in the NT is hardly borne out by the facts. It is true that the tendency to confuse them had begun in the Apostolic Age ; but it had not got very far, hardly beyond a fondness
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for ' constructio praegnans,' as in Mk P, where i^aTTTccrdr) els tov 'lop^dvqv — 'wQTit into the Jordan and was baptized there' (in v.^ we have i^a-migovTo iv tQ 'lopddvri), or else = ' was immersed in Jordan' (Swete, Com. in loc.) ; of. also Ac 8* eupid-q els 'A^ixiTov, ' went to Azotus and was found there,' and Lk 4^-'. The nearest approach to a real confusion of the prepositions is in Mt 5^^^- : ' Swear not . . . by (if) the heaven . , . nor by (ev) the earth . . . nor by {els, RVm ' toward ') Jerusalem,' where Chase (JThSt viii. 166) suggests that iv 'lepoaoXv/jLOLs is avoided so as to exclude a local meaning, and that els represents the direction of the oath, just as in Ac 2^, Eph 5^^, He 7^^ els can only mean ' with reference to.'