(2) St. Paul's arrival in Rome awoke another, stranger kind of partisanship in the Roman Church (Ph P^"'8). His presence moved the preachers of the city ; it quickened the evangelical pulse ; but, while some began to preach Christ in good-will to him (St' eiiSoKlav), others did it through envy and strife (did. <p6bvov ko-I ipiv), out of faction (i^ iptdelas), not purely or sincerely (aYvtDs). They emulated his labours in the hope of robbing him of his laurels ; then actually imagined that their brilliant successes would ' add affliction to his bonds.' But the Paul whose amour propre might have been
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wounded by shafts of that kind had long ago been 'crucitied with Christ.' The Paul who lived, or rather in whom Christ lived (Gal 2-"), only rejoiced if there were indeed gi-eater preachers than himself in Rome. Among true apostles and evangelists there is no room for jealous contention, ignoble rivalry, in the publication of the gospel. Only one thing matters— that Christ be preached and His name gloritied. St. Paul's great-mindedness is similar to that expressed in Browning's Paracelsus :
' Lo, I forgeb my ruin, and rejoice In thy success, as thou ! Let our God's praise Go bravely through the world at last 1 What care Through me or thee?'
James Steahan. FAIR HAYENS (KaXol Atyt*^''").— Fair Havens is a small bay in the S. coast of Crete, where St. Paul's ship, after working slowly westward under the lee of the island, found shelter in rough weather (Ac 27^). It is not referred to in any other ancient writing besides Acts, but its name is still preserved in the modern dialect — At/^ewj'as KaXoi5s. While exposed to the E., it was protected on the S.W. by two small islands. In this roadstead the Apostle's ship remained *a considerable time' {iKavov xpovov) weather-bound, strong N.W. winds apparently continuing to blow. Two leagues west- ward is Cape Matala, where the coast abruptly trends to the N., so that if an attempt were made to round the point the ship Avould certainly be exposed to the full force of the wind. But as it was feared that Fair Havens was not commodious enough to winter in, a council was held, the ac- count of which aflbrds a vivid and instructive glimpse into life on an ancient government trans- port. While the captain and ship-master (6 vav- K\r]pos) thought it better to make a dash for Port Phoenix {q.v.), St. Paul considered it more pru- dent to remain where they were. The Koman centurion naturally ' gave more heed ' to the nautical experts than to the landsman, as did the majority {ol irXelovs); but, as Smith remarks, 'the event justified St. Paul's advice.'
' It now appears . . . that Fair Havens is so well protected by islands, that though not equal to Lutro, it must be a very fair winter harbour ; and that considering the suddenness, the fre- quency, and the violence with which gales of northerly wind spring up, and the certainty that, if such a gale sprang up in the passage from Fair Havens to Lutro, the ship must be driven off to sea, the prudence of the advice given by the master and owner was extremely questionable, and that the advice given by St. Paul may probably be supported even on nautical grounds' (J. Smith, Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul, 1880, p. So).
LrrERATURE. — W. M. Ramsay, St. Paul the Traveller and the Roman Citizen, 1895, p. 320 f. See also artt. in Bible Diction- aries, esp. HDB i. S26 (W. Muir).
James Strahan. FAITH.— 1. In the Acts of the Apostles.— In the
Acts faith is spoken of as (1) inspired by Christ, (2) directed to Christ, (3) corresponding to Christian teaching.
(1) After St. Peter had healed the lame man, he explained that the miracle had been wrought by the power of God by faith in the name of the • Prince of life, whom God raised from the dead ' ; 'yea, the faith which is tlirough him (t) 5t' avrov) hath given him this perfect soundness in the jire- sence of you all' (3^^). The health-bringing faith both in the apostles and the cripple had been in- spired by Jesus, the Holy One.
(2) More frequently the faith is directed to Jesus Christ. Thus the general statement is made : 'Many believed on (iirl) the Lord' {Q*% St. Paul enjoins the Philippian jailer : ' Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ' (16^^). Similarly Crispus, the ruler of the synagogue, 'believed in the Lord with all his house' (IS** ; eirlarevffev ti$ Ki'pio;= ' believed the Lord'). In all these cases the faith is directed to the Lord Jesus Christ.
(3) In several passages ' the faith ' is equivalent
to the Christian faith or Christian religion. In describing the multiplying of the disciples in Jeru- salem it is said : ' A great company of the priests were obedient to the faith ' (6''). In Cyprus Elymas opposed the apostles, ' seeking to turn aside the proconsul from the faith' (l^^). St. Paul returned to the towns in Asia, ' confirming the souls of the disciples, exhorting them to continue in the faith ' (14--). In each of these cases 'the faith' has already become the phrase to express all that is implied by believing in Christ.