in. Problems and History.— C. D. Buck, 'The General Linguistic Conditions in Ancient Italy and Greece,' in Classical Journal, i. [1906] 99 ff. ; J. P. MahaSy, The Silver Age of the Greek World, Chicago, 1906 (deals with the culture and expan- sion of Hellenism); A. Thumb, Die griechische Sprache im Zeitalter des Hellenismus, Strassburg, 1901, ' Prinzipienfragen der Koine-Forschuny,' in Seiu Jahrbiicher fiir das klassische Altertum, xvii. [1906] 246 ff. ; P. Kretschmer, Die Entstehung der Koine, Vienna, 1900 ; D. C. Hesseling, De Koine en de oude dialekten van Griekenland, Amsterdam, 1906 (in the publications of the Koninklijke Academic); cf. also the works of Deissmann and Moulton in section IV. below ; a sketch of the Koine in connexion with the general history of the Greek language is given in J. Wackernagel, Die griechische Sprache { = Kuitur der Gegenwart, pt. i. vol. viii. [^Leipzig, 1912]), and A. Meillet, Apergu'd'une histoire de la langue grecque, Paris, 1913, p. 259 ff. „ ^ ,
IV. Biblical Grbek. — (1) General.— G. A. Deissmann, Bibel- stvdien, Marburg, 1895, Neve Bibelstudien, do. 1897 (Eng. tr., Bible Studies'^, Edinburgh, 1903), Die sprachliche Erjorschung der griechischen Bibel, Giessen, 1898, Neiv Light on the NT, Eng. tr. , Edinburgh, 1907, The Philology of the Greek Bible, Eng. tr., London, 1908, Licht vnm Osten"^^, Tubingen, 1909 (Eng. tr.. Light from the Ancient East^, London, 1911), Die Urgeschichte des Christentians im Lichte der Sprachforschung , Tiibingen, 1910; A. Thumb, 'Die sprachgeschichtliche Stellung des bib- lischen Griechisch," in Theologische Rundschav, v. [1902] 85 ff. ; J. H. Moulton, A Grammar of NT Greeks, Edinburgh, 1908 (Germ. tr. [in realitv a new ed.], Einleitung in die Sprache des NT Heidelbero-, 1911), The Science of Language and the Study of the NT, Manrhester, 1906 ; S. Dickey, ' The Greek of the NT,' in Princeton Theological Review, i. [1903] 631 ff.; H. Lietzmann, ' Die klassische Phil'ologie und das NT,' in Neue Jahrbiicher fiir das klassische Altertum, xxi. [1908] Iff. ; S. Angus, 'Modern Methods in NT Philology,' in Harvard Theological Review, u. [1909] 446 ff., also Hellenistic and Hellenism in Our Universities,
* Cf. Voyeser, Zur Sprache der griechischen Heiligenlegenden, Munich, 1907. . ^. ^. ,, v
t Cf. Heiler, de Tatiani apologetce dicendi genere, Marburg, 1909.
; it mav be observed in this connexion that F. Blass, who in his edd. of the Gospels of Matthew and John uses these quota- tions as a means of ' emending ' the MS tradition of the NT, is here working on entirely wrong lines.
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Hartford, Conn., 1909, also 'The Koin6 : the Language of the NT,' in Princeton Theological lieriew, viii. [1910] 43 ff.
(2) Gramiaars. — R. Helbing-, Grammatik der LXX, Gottin- gen, 1907; H. St. J. Thackeray, A Grammar «J the OT in Greek, i., Cambridge, 1909 ; Winer-Schmiedel, Grammatik ties neatest. Sprachidioms, Gottingen, 1894 ff. (not yet completed) ; F. Blass, Grammatik des neutest. Griechisch (4th ed. by A. Debrunner, Gottinsren, 1913 ; Eng. tr. by ThackerayS, London, 1905); L. Radermacher, Neutest. Grammatik (in Handbtich ziim ST, ed. Lietzniann, 1. 1), Tubingen, 1911 ; E. A. Abbott, Johannine Grammar, London, 1906 (Conybeare-Stock, Selec- tions from the LXX, Boston, 1905, and J. Viteau, Etude mr le grec du XT compari avee eelui des Septante, Paris, 1897, are out of date).
(3) Important monographs.— H. B. Swete, An Jntroduclion to the OT in Greek, Cambridge, 1900, p. 289 5.; R. Meister, ' Prolegomena zu einer Grammatik der LXX,' in Wiener Stud ien xxi.v. [1907] 228 ff., also Bcitrdge zur Lautlehre der LXX, Vienna, 1909 ; J. Psichari, ' Essai sur le Grec de la Septante,' in Revue des itudes juives, 1908, p. 161 ff. ; M. Johannessohn, Der Gebraueh der Kasus und Prdpositionen in der LXX, Berlin, 1910 ; E. de W. Burton, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in NT Greeks, Ch\c!igo,lS9S; Th. Vogel, Ztir Charakteristik des Lukas nach Sprache und Stil, Leipzig, 1897 ; M. Krenkel, Josephus und Lukas, do. 1894 ; A. Schlatter, Die Sprache und Heimat des 4. Evangelisten{ = Beitrdge zur Forderung christ- licher 7'heologie, vi. 4 [1902]), andT. C. Laughlin, The Solecisms of the Apocalypse, Princeton, 1902 (the last two of little use) ; W. Heitmiiller, Im Nam^n Jesu, Gottingen, 1903.
(4) Lexicography. — As supplementing the standard Greek lexicons the following are of importance : E. A. Sophocles, A Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods, New York, 1887, and H. van Herwerden, Lexicon grcecum suppletorium et dialecticum-, Leiden, 1910; for the LXX, Hatch-Redpath, Concordance to the LXX, 6 vols., Oxford, 1892-97 ; for the NT, Grimm-Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the NT-, 1890 ; F. Zorell, Novi Testamenti lexicon grcecum, Paris, 1911 ; E. A. Abbott (as in IV. (2) above); Naegeli (as cited in art.); the ' Lexical Notes from the Papyri' (of great importance for the vocabulary of the NT), by J. H. Moulton and G. Milligan, in recent years of The Expositor, are not yet completed, and are to be collected and published separatt-Iy.
V. PosT-BiBLiCAL Greek.— H. Reinhold, De grceeitatepatntm apostolicorum Ubrorumque apocruphorum { = Dissert, philolog . Halenses, xiv. [Halle, 1898]) Iff.; F. Rostalski, Sprachliches zu den apokryphen Apostelgeschichten, 2 pts., Programm, Mvslowitz, 1910 and 1911 ; E. j. Goodspeed, Index patristicus, Leipzig, 1907 ; T. M. Wehofer, Untersuchungen zur altchrist- lichen Epistolographie, Vienna, 1901 ; J. Compernass, De sermone groeco volgari Pisidice Phrygicegue meridionalis, Bonn, 1895 ; X. Hiirth, De Gregorii Nazianzeni orationibus funebribu^ l=Di^sert. philolog. Argent, selectee, xii. 1 [Strass- burg, 1907]), p. 71 fl. A. THUMB.