Literature. — I. (a) For the Jewish tradition : P. Volz, Der Geist Gottes, Tubingen, 1911 ; (6) for the conceptions current in Hellenism, H. Weinel, Die Wirkungen des Geintes und der Geister im nacliapostolischen Zeitalter bis auf Irenceus, Freiburg i. B., 1899. II. H. Gunlcel, Die Wirkungen di'S he.iUgen Geistes^, Gottingen, 1909 ; M. Kahler, Dogmatische Zeitfragen, i., Leipzig, 1898 : ' Das schriftmassige Bekenntnis zum Geiste Cliristi,' p. 137 ; H. H. Wendt, Die Begriffe Fleisch und Geist im hiblisohen Sprackgebrauck, Gotha, 1878. III. J. Gloel, Der heiliae Geist in der Ueilsverkiindigung des Paulus, Halle, 1888; H.'B. Swete, The Holy Spirit in the NT, London, 1909 ; F. von Hiigel, Eternal Life, Edinburgh, 1912.
A. Schlatter.
HOME. — 1. The English word ' home ' represents more than one Greek word ; most conmionly oIkos gives the idea. Thus /car' oTkov = ' at home ' (Ac 2*^ RV and AVm, and 5-*^ RV ; AV 'from house to house ' and ' in every house ') ; whUe Kar oHkovs in 20'-" = 'from house to house,' AV and RV, private as opposed to public teaching being referred to ; and Kara rods oiKoiti in 8' = ' [entering] into every house.' ' At home ' renders iv oUij) in 1 Co ll** 14^^ In 1 Ti 5^ widows' children are bidden eme^elv Tbv idiov oIkov, ' show piety at home ' ( AV), or ' towards their own family' (RV). In Tit 2^ RV the young married women are to be oiKovpyoi, ' workers at home ' (A V oUovpol, ' keepers at home ' ; the former word is not found elsewhere, but is attested by all the best MSS).
The same idea is given by rd 'i5i.a, lit. 'their own belongings,' in Ac 21® ('returned home');* and figuratively in 2 Co 5®- ^ by ivdij/uLelv, ' to be at home ' (lit. ' among the people '), and iKdij/uLelv, ' to be absent from home ' ; perhaps also by the phrase, iv Tols Tod Harpbs fJ.ov, ' in my Father's house ' (figura- tively, or else lit. of the Temple), of Lk 2'*^. Again, 7r6Xis (Lat. civifas) conveys the idea of a 'home' (cf. He lli»-i« I222 13^*, and especially Mt 12'^ : 7r6\is rj OLKia). To us the word ' city ' conveys the idea of streets and buildings ; to a Greek or Roman, and so to an early Christian, it means an organized society which is the home of those who inhabit it (see B. F. Westcott, Hebrews, 1889, p. 388 ff.). So also we may paraphrase Ph 3^" thus : ' Our
* Cf. 01 tSioi, ' one's own people,' in 1 Ti 58, and especially In Jn 1", where both expressions are joined together. The Incar- nate came to His own home (to. ISia), but His own chosen people, the Jews (ol ISioi), received Him not.
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HONEST
HONEY
home (7r6Xts) is in heaven, while on earth we are only travellers and passers-by.'
2. The idea of home is much dwelt upon in the Pastoral Epistles. There is a striking difference in the NT between the qualifications of an ' apostle ' in the widest sense, of a travelling mis- sionary having oversight of the churches (such is also the meaning of ' apostle' in the Dldache), and of the local 'bishop' or 'presbyter' and deacon. The 'apostle' may be married (1 Co 9^), but his home life is not emphasized ; while in the case of the local officials the home is much spoken of. Thus in the Pastoral Epistles the bishop must be husband of one wife, given to hospitality, ruling well his own house, having his children in subjec- tion ; for ruling his family well leads to his ruling his flock well ; a test of his having trained his children well is that they believe, and are not accused of riot and are not unruly (1 Ti S'-^, Tit 1"). Deacons must be husbands of one wife, ruling their children and their own houses well (1 Ti 3'-). These Epistles also deal generally with Christian home life ; the faithful are to provide for their own households (1 Ti 5*) ; married women must be good house' workers (above, 1 ; cf. the virtuous woman of Pr Si'""), and must love their husbands and children (Tit 2"*'-). Among widows' qualifica- tions is that of having brought up children, who in turn are bidden to requite their parents by supporting the widowed mother and grandmother (1 Ti 5'"; cf. vv.*-i8). We have several distant glimpses of devout Christian homes in the NT— of Timothy witii his mother and grandmother at Lystra, of Philip with his daughters at Caesarea, and of some others, for which see Family.
3. Hospitality is closely connected with the idea of ' home.' For the large guest-rooms which made this possible on a comparatively extended scale, see House. Instances of hospitality are common in the apostolic writings. Simon the tanner enter- tains St. Peter (Ac IQS), Lydia at Philippi shows hospitality to St. Paul (le^^-^"), the jailer there brings the apostles into his house and sets meat before them (16=*^); Titus Justus at Corinth (18^), Philip at Cassarea (2P), Mnason of Cyprus at Jerusalem, or at a village between Ceesarea and Jerusalem (21'«; see W. M. Ramsay, St. Paul the Traveller, 1895, p. 302 f.), Publius in Malta (28^)— all entertained the Apostle hospitably. In Ro 16^3 Gains is famous for this quality ; he is the host of the whole Church, ap))arently at Corinth (cf. 1 Co P^). It is just possible that he may be the same as the hospitable Gains of 3 Jn i* ^, but the name is a common one. With the last passage contrast the want of hospitality shown by Dio- trephes in 3 Jn ^^•.