i. In the Apocalypse (5^) the Exalted Christ is presented under the guise of a lion, where the un- doubted reference is to Gn 49^ He, who had overcome through death and the Resurrection, who had thus opened a way to God's sovereignty over men, and is therefore alone able to loose the seals of the Divine judgment, i.e. to carry history forward to its consummation, is symbolized by a being of the highest prowess and strength. Yet no sooner has this suggestion of overmastering might become eilective than it is withdrawn to give place to another — its exact opposite — that of a lamb as though slain, a symbol of sacrifice and humiliation (see Lamb).
5. The same intimation of majesty and strength occurs in Rev 4'', where the Seer is taken up into heaven, and beholds the four and twenty elders about the throne, with the four living creatures, having the likeness respectively of a lion, a calf, the face of a man, and a flying eagle (cf. Ezk I**- [esp. v.io] W* ; also Is 6^-)-
6. The remaining references in the Apocalypse
revert to the terrorizing aspect of this king of beasts (9« [cf. Jl 1«] 9'^ 10=* [cf. Is 5-»] 132 [cf. Dn^7-*'^-])-
C. A, Beckwith. LIPS.— See Mouth.
LIVING. — 1. Outside of the Gospels ' living ' does not occur as a nonn in the AV of the NT, but is found three times in the RV, viz. in 1 P V^, 2 P 3'\ where it denotes the manner of life (AV ' con- versation,' Gr. avaarpocpT)), and in Rev 18", where 'gain their living (i.e. means of life) by sea' re- presents the AV ' trade by sea,' the RVm ' work the sea,' Gr. rryv OdXacraai' ipya^ovraL.
2. ' Living ' as a verb is found in both the AV and the RV of Col 22», 'living in the world,' where the Gr. is fwjres; and Tit 3^ 'living in malice ' (Gr. Sidyovres).
3. The adj. ' living ' (Gr. ^wv) occurs frequently and is used with various shades of meaning. — (1) In the ordinary sense of being alive in contrast with dead (Ro 12' \4?, RV of Rev I'S). In Ac 10^^^ 2 Ti 41, 1 P 45 both the AV and the RV translate fwjres by ' quick.' In the ' living soul ' of 1 Co 15^^ and Rev 16^ the word has the same meaning ; in the latter passage, however, the literal render- ing of the Gr. is 'soul of life' (RVm).— (2) The 'living creatures' (RV ; AV 'beasts'; Gr. fya, being the LXX equivalent of rVn in Ezk 1*, etc.) of Rev 4^- *, etc. , are so called as being not alive merely, but instinct with life and activity (cf. Ezk 1"). — (3) With an intensified force the word is used of God, who is called ' the living God ' (Ac 14^^, Ro 926, 2 Co 33 618, 1 Th P, 1 Ti 3i« 4i» 6" [AV], He 312 914 lo^i 1222, Rev 72) not only as being self- existent, but as possessing the fullness of life in absolute perfection. — (4) Figuratively, the ex- pression is applied to the oracles given by God to Moses (Ac 7^", AV 'livelj'') ; to the word of God generally (He 4^2^ AV 'quick') ; to the way into the holy place which Jesus dedicated for us (10-") ; to the hope unto which God has begotten us by the Resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead (1 P P, AV ' lively ') ; to the Stone rejected of men but with God elect, precious (2'*), and the stones built up on that foundation into a spiritual house (v.**, AV ' lively ') ; to the fountains of waters to which the Lamb shall lead His people (Rev 7" TR and AV ; RV ' fountains of waters of life '). The precise force of ' living ' in each of these cases is determined by the word to which it is attached and the context in which it is set. The word of God is living because, being God's, it is instinct with His OAvn life ; the way into the holy place because it is real and efficacious, as contrasted with the mere ceremony of entrance into the earthly sanctuary ; the Christian hope because it is the result of a Divine begetting, and is therefore lasting and certain of fruition as human hopes are not ; the heavenly fountains because they are ever ' springing up unto eternal life ' (cf . Jn 4i"' "). The elect Stone and the stones built upon it are living stones because the persons whom they metaphorically represent are living persons — the One alive with the very life of God, the others sharing in that life through their union with Him.
J. C. Lambert. LOCUST (d/cpis).— Apart from Mt 3^ Mk 1«, the only references to the locust in the NT are con- tained in the Apocalyptic Vision — 'the Fifth Trumpet or the First Woe' (Rev 9^-'') — where a swarm of locusts is represented as emerging out of the smoke of the abyss. There is probably here an allusion to the plague of locusts in Ex lO''*- (cf. also Jl 1^), but both the power and the mission of these locusts are not that of the locust tribe. They have the power of ' scorpions,' the deadliness of whose sting was proverbial (cf. 1 K 12"- ", 2 Ch 10", Ezk 2^, Lk lO^^ W^ whUe in