also the 10th, according to Jer. lii, 12, probabh'- refer- ring to the close of the conflagration, Buxtorf, Synag. Jtidenth. xxxv), and also by Titus (Josephus, War, vi, 1, 5); the 15th was the festival of the Xylophoria, or bringing of wood into the Temple (Bodenschatz, Kirch- liche Verfassung der Juden, ii, 106; comp. Neh. x, VA ; xiii, 31; on nine successive da3"S, according to Otho, Lex. Rail. p. 331 ; on the 14th, according to Josephus, War, ii, 17) ; the 18th is a fast in memory of the ex- tinction of the western lamp of the Temple (luring the impious reign of Ahaz (2 Chron. xxix, 7). — Kit- to, s. v. See Month.
Ab- (3N, father), occurs as the first member of several compound Hebrew proper names, e. g. Abner, Absalom, etc. not as a patronymic [see Ben-], or in its literal acceptation, but in a figurative sense, to des- ignate some quality or circumstance of the person named ; e. g. possessor of or endowed with ; after the analogy of all the Shemitic languages (Gesenius, Thes. Heb. p. 7; in Arabic generally Abu-, see D'Herbelot, . Biblioth. Orient, s. v.). See Father ; Proper name. Hence it is equally applicable to females ; e. g. Abi- gail (as among the Arabs ; comp. Kosegarten, in Ewald's Zeitschrift fur die Kunde des Morgenl mdes, i, 297-317). In all cases it is the following part of the name that is to be considered as the genitive, the pre- fix 2X being "in the construct," and not the reverse. See Abi-.
Ab'acuc (Lat. Abacuc, the Greek text being no longer extant), one of the minor prophets (2 Esdr. [in the Vulg. 4 Esdr.] i, 40), elsewhere Habakkuk (q. v.).
Abad'don (AflaScwi>, for Heb. *"ri?x.i destruc- tion, i. e. the destroyer, as it is immediately explain- ed by 'AttoWvcov, Apollyon), the name ascribed to the ruling spirit of Tartarus, or the angel of death, described (Rev. ix, 11) as the king and chief of the Apocalyptic locusts under the fifth ti umpet, and as the angel of the abj'ss or " bottomless pit" (see Critica Bib- lica, ii, 445). In the Bible, the word abaddon means destruction (Job. xxxi, 12), or the place of destruction, i. e. the subterranean world, Hades, the region of the dead (Job xxvi, 6; xxviii, 22; Prov. xv, 11). It is, in fact, the second of the seven names which the Rab- bins apply to that region ; and they deduce it partic- ularly from Psa. lxxxviii, 11, " Shall thy loving-kind' ness be declared in the grave, or thy faithfulness in {abaddon) destruction?" See Hades. Hence they have made Abaddon the nethermost of the two regions into which they divided the under world. But that in Rev. ix, 11 Abaddon is the angel, and not the abyss, is perfectly evident in the Greek. There is a general connection with the destroyer (q. v.) alluded to in 1 Chron. xxi, 15 ; but the explanation, quoted by Ben- gel, that the name is given in Hebrew and Greek, to show that the locusts would be destructive alike to Jew and Gentile, is far-fetched and unnecessary. The popular interpretation of the Apocalypse, which finds in the symbols of that prophecy the details of national history in later ages, has usually regarded Abaddon as a symbol of Mohammed dealing destruction at the head of the Saracenic hordes (Elliott's Uora Apoca- hjpticcv, i, 410). It may well be doubted, however, whether this symbol is any thing more than a new and vivid figure of the same moral convulsions else- where typified in various ways in the Revelation, namely," those that attended the breaking down of Judaism and paganism, and the general establishment of Christianity (see Stuart's Comment, in loc). See Revelation, Book of. The etymology of Asmo- da>us, the king of the daemons in Jewish mythology, seems to point to a connection with Apollyon in his character as " the destroyer," or the destroying an- gel. Compare Ecclus. xviii, 22, 25. See Asmod.eus.
Abadi'as {'Aftaciac), a son of Jazelus, and one of the descendants (or residents) of Joab, who returned
ABAD Y QUEYPEO 4
with 212 males from the captivity with Ezra (1 Esdr. | viii, 35) ; evidently the same -with the Obadiah (q. v.) of the parallel list (Ezr. viii, 9).
Abad y Queypeo, Manuel, a Mexican bishop, ) horn in the Asturias, Spain, about 1775. Having be- come priest, he went to Mexico, where he was at first judge of wills at Valladolid de Mechoacan, and, in 1809, appointed bishop of Mechoacan. Upon the out- [ break of the war of independence, Abad favored the national party, and declared himself against the In- quisition. When the restoration of Ferdinand VII was proclaimed, Abad was sent to Spain and impris- oned at Madrid. He succeeded in winning the favor of the king, and was not only released, but appointed minister of justice. In the night following, however, he was again arrested by order of the Grand Inquisitor, and shut up in a convent. He was liberated in conse- quence of the events of 1820, and elected a member of the provisional junta of the government. Subsequent- ly lie was appointed Bishop of Tortosa. In 1823 he was again arrested by order of the Inquisition, and j sentenced to six years imprisonment. He died be- fore this time had expired.' — Hoefer, Biographie Gent- rale, i, 17.