Advowson (from advocd/us), the right of patron- age to a church or ecclesiastical benefice. He who has the advowson is called the patron, from his obli- gation to defend the rights of the church from oppres- sion and violence. Advowsons are either, 1. Pre- sentative, where the patron presents his clerk to the bishop or other ordinary to be instituted, and the bishop commands the archdeacon to induct him ; 2. Collative, where the advowson lies in the ordinary, and within his jurisdiction, in which case no presenta- tion is needed, but the ordinary collates or institutes
the clerk and sends him to the proper officer to be in- ducted ; 3. Bonative, where the benefice is exempt from the jurisdiction of the ordinary, and visitable by the kin<^ only, or some other secular patron, who puts his clerk into possession by virtue of an instrument under his hand and seal, without institution, or induction, or examination by the ordinary. The greater part of the benefices in the Church of England are present- ative. They are often put up for sale, much to the disgrace of the Church and the nation. See Eng- land, Chu-rch OF.
Adytum (from o&vtov, inaccessible), the shrine or inner room of a sacred building ; hence applied in later times to the penetralia of the Temple at Jerusalem, which were accessible to the priests alone, especially the sanctuary, or "holy place," and still more to the " holy of holies," or inmost chamber. Ecclesiastical writers also employ it metaphorically to denote the re- cesses of the heart or spiritual nature, and sometimes to designate the deeper mysteries of divine truth. See Agion.
iEdesius. See Ethiopian Church.
Aedi'as (A'iciag, for Elias), one of the " sons" of Ela, who divorced his Gentile wife (1 Esdr. ix, 27), evidently the Eliah (q. v.) of the genuine text (Ezra x, 26).
.ZEgidius, an eminent prelate, was born at Some, A.D. 1247, of the illustrious race of Colonna, and care- fully educated under Thomas Aquinas and Bonaven- tura. He became an Augustinian Eremite monk. Philip the Bold brought him to Paris to be tutor to his son. He afterward taught philosophy and theology for many years in the university of Paris with so great fame that he was styled doctor fundatissimus, theologo- rum princeps. He was a very voluminous writer, but man}' of his writings remain in MS. Among those published arc : Be Peccato Original^ (printed at Ox- ford, 4to, 1470) ; Quest iones Metaphysics (Venice, 1501); Lucubrationes de P. Lombardi Sentmtiis (Basil, 1623). In 1292 he was made general of his Augustinian order ; in 1296 bishop of Bourges. In 1316 he died.— Mos- heim, Ch. Hist. cent, xiii, pt. ii, ch. ii, § 44.
.ZEgypt. See Egypt.
.ffilath. See Elatii.
.Sllfric, archbishop of Canterbury, raised to that see in 996, was a laborious scholar, to whom we are indebted for much of our present knowledge of Anglo- Saxon literature. He wrote a Treatise of the Old an- 1 New Testaments in Saxon; also a Paschal Homily in Latin and Saxon ; in the latter of which he declares himself against the papal doctrine of transubstantia- tion. Manj' of his works exist, it is said, in MS., and some few have been published, one in Saxon, viz. Tract, de V. et N. Testamento ; and others in Latin, viz. the Paschal Homily. Also two letters, one to Wul- finus, bishop of Sherborne or Salisbury ; the other to Wulstanus, archbishop of York, on the same subject, printed at London in 1566, 1623, and 1638. There is, moreover, in the Coll. of Councils ( Wilkins, i, 250, and Labbe, ix, 1003), a letter of this archbishop to Wul- finus, containing a sort of ritual for priests. — Cave, Hist. Lit. anno 980. — Landon, Ercl. Diet. s. v.
^llfric, partly contemporary with the last, and with him, apparently, educated by Ethelwold, who was at the time abbot of Abingdon. On the removal of Ethelwold to the sec of Winchester, in 96:!, jElfric suc- ceeded him at Abingdon. He died in 1005, and was buried at Abingdon. By many he is believed to have been the same with the last-mentioned ,Elfrie, and the question is involved in extreme obscurity ; it is most probable, however, that they were different persons. The reader will find much in elucidation in Cave (anno 980). — Landon, Ercl. Diet. s. v.
^31ia Capitollna. Sec Jerusalem.
iE'neas (Alv'tac, a different form for the classical
iENEAS
90
JERA
*£ne'as), a paralytic of Lydda, cured by Peter (Acts ix, 33, 34), A.D. 32.
2Eneas, Gaz.eus, a sophist and disciple of Hiero- cles, converted to Christianity about the year 487. He testifies that he heard the African confessors, whose tongues Hunneric, the king of the Vandals, had caused to be cut out, speak. He wrote the Dialogue called Tkeophrastus, de Animarum Immortalitate et Corporis Jiesurrectione, which was printed at Basle, 151G ; and has since appeared both in Greek and Latin, in differ- ent editions, with the version of Wolfius and the Notes of Gaspard Barthius. It is given in the Bibl. Max. Patr. viii, 649 ; also in Galland, x, 627. — Cave, Hist. Litt. anno 487 ; Landon, Eccl. Diet. s. v.
.ffiiieas, bishop of Paris (843-877). About the year 863, taking part in the controversy with Photius, he wrote a treatise entitled Liber adversus Objections Grcecorum, which is given by D'Achery, Spied, i, 113. — Cave, Hist. Litt. anno 859 ; Dupin, Led. Scr.yt. c. ix ; Neander, Ch. Hist, iii, 567.