eties since 1795, had soon to lie relinquished as hope- less. A permanent settlement was effected by the
Church Missionary Society in 1804, which has I n
very successful, and is still extending its operations on every side. A bishop for Sierra Leone was conse- crated in 1852. The English Baptist Missionary So- ciety established in 1841 a flourishing mission at the island of Fernando Po, hut it was almost entirely sup- pressed in 1858 by a new Spanish governor. The missions of the Wesleyan Missionary Society of Eng- land commenced as early as 1796, but until 1811 there was only one missionary. They have since become the most flourishing among all the Protestant missions in West Africa. The missions of the American Bap- tist Missionary Union, in Liberia and among the Bas- sas, commenced in 1821 ; those of the (American)
AFRICA
OG
AFRICA
Pres by terian Board, in Liberia, in 1832 ; of the Amer- ican Board, at Cape Palmas, in 1834 ; of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, in Liberia, in 1833; of the Southern Baptist Convention of America, in Liberia and Yoruba, in 1853 ; of the American Missionary Association in the Sherbro country, in 1842; of the Basle Missionary Society, at the Gold Coast, in 1828; of the Protestant Episcopal Church of America, at Cape Palmas, in 1836. A new interest in the mis- sions of Western Africa was awakened in England by the return of Dr. Livingstone, and an enlargement of the missionary operations resolved upon. In Eastern Africa, the island of Madagascar was visited in 1818 by missionaries of the London Missionary Society, and a large number of the natives were converted to Chris- tianity. But the premature death of King Radama in 1828 put a stop to the progress of Christianity, and, in 1836, the mission schools were closed and the mission- aries driven from the island. The persecution lasted until the death of Radama's widow, Ranavalona, and the accession to the throne of Radama II in 1861, un- der whom Christianity was again tolerated, and began to make new progress. The assassination of Radama in 1863 had no influence on the legal condition of the Christians, who, in 1864, were supposed to number about 7000. See Madagascar. In Abyssinia, Ger- man missionaries of the Basle society have labored in behalf of Protestantism since 1830, without, however, achieving any permanent result. See Abyssinia. Egypt has some flourishing churches, schools, and be- nevolent institutions for the Protestant residents of foreign countries, and the United Presbyterians of America sustain there a prosperous mission. See Egypt.
V. Ecclesiastical Statistics. — The entire population of the Cape Yerde, St. Thomas, and Prince's Islands (Portuguese), of the Spanish Presidios and Guinea Islands, and of the French island of Bourbon, belong to the Roman Catholic Church. The same is the case with a majority of the population of the English island of Mauritius and of the European population in Al- geria. In Angola and Benguela the Portuguese claim dominion over 657,000, in Mozambique, over 300,000 subjects ; but with the decline of the Portuguese pow- er also, the connection of the natives with the Roman Church has to a great extent ceased. Angola had, in 1857, only 6 priests, Mozambique only 3. See also Egypt and Abyssinia. The Roman Church had, in 1859, 5 bishoprics in the Portuguese possessions, 2 in the French, 1 in the English, 2 in the Spanish ; and 12 vicariates apostolic, viz., 2 in Egypt (1 Latin and 1 Copt), 1 in Tunis, 1 in Abyssinia, 1 for the country of the Gallas, 2 for the Cape of Good Hope, 1 for the two Guineas, 1 for Sierra Leone, 1 for Madagascar, 1 for Natal. See Algeria.
The African missions of the Roman Church are mostly supported by the General Missionary Society for the Propagation of Faith. There are, besides, spe- cial missionary societies for Africa in France and Aus- tria. The Church of England had, in 1864, the follow- ing dioceses: Capetown, Grahamstown, Sierra Leone, St. Helena, Natal, Zambesi, Orange River, Niger, the last three of which are outside of the British domin- ions. These bishoprics constitute the "Ecclesiastical Province of South Africa," with the Bishop of Cape- town as metropolitan. The Wesleyan Methodists, in 1864, had 6 missionary districts (Cape of Good Hope, Grahamstown, Natal, Sierra Leone, Gambia, and the Gold Coast), 75 circuits, 204 chapels, 366 other preach- ing places, 95 missionaries and assistant missionaries, 17,955 members, 18,059 scholars in schools, and 76,485 attendants on public worship. The missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church in "Western Africa are organized into an Annual Conference, which, in 1864, had 19 travelling preachers, 1351 members, 142 proba- tioners, 36 local preachers, 98 native members, 20 schools, 1334 scholars, and 19 churches.
The statistics of the other missionary societies were given by the Journal of Missions, in 1859, as follows :
American.
American Hoard
Presb'n Board (including Reformed Presbyter'us)
Episcopal Board
Southern Baptists
Amer. Miss. Association . Total of American. . .
London Missionary Soc. . . Baptist Missionary Soc .
Church of Scotland
Free Church of Scotland. United Presb. of Scotland
Moravians
Basle Missionary Society. Rhenish Missionary Soc. . French Evangelical Mis- sionary Society
Berlin Missionary Society Norwegian Miss. Soc. North Gorman Miss. Soc. . Total of European. . . Grand total. .
20S
207 2S6
1,1S5
4S 1,934
3,ss3 '35-
l,!i7G 1TI