and by a branch of them in Danbury, Conn. — Suicer, Thes. col. 23 ; Gieseler, Ch. Hist, i, 59, 104, 296 ; Lard- ner, Works, vii, 280; Coleman, Anc. Christianity, ch. xxi, § 13 ; Bingham, Orig. Eccl. xv, 8 ; Discipl m of the M. E. Church, pt. ii.
Besides the Eucharistic Agapas, three other kinds are mentioned by ecclesiastical writers: (1.) Agapoe natalities, held in commemoration of the martyrs (Theo- doret, Evang. Verit. viii, 923, 924, ed. Schulz) ; (2.) Agapoe connubiales, or marriage-feasts (Greg. Naz. Epist. i, 14) ; (3.) Agapa; funerales, funeral-feasts (Greg. Naz. Carm. A'.), probably similar to the Trtpi- dwrvov or vcicpofienrvov of the Greeks. — Kitto, s. v.
For further details, see Resenius, De Agapis Judos Epistolce (Havn. 1600) ; Oldecop, De Agapis (Helmst. 1656) ; Cabassutius, De Agapis, in his Notitia eccl. his- toriar. (Lugd. 1680), p. 31 sq. ; Hoornbeck, De Agapis vett. in his Miscell. Sacr. (Ultraj. 1689), p. 587 ; Sehurz- fleisch, De vet. Agaparum ritu (Viteb. 1690, also in Walch's Compend. Antiq. Lips. 1733, p. 566); Same, De vett. Christ. Agapis (Regiom. 1701) ; Muratori, De Agapis sublatis (Patau. 1709); Bohiner, De Christ, capiendis cibum, in his Dissert, juris eccl. antiq. (Lips. 1711), p. 223; Hanzschel, De Agapis (Lips. 1729); Schlegel, De Agapar. estate a]wstolica (Lips. 1756) ; Schuberth, De Agapis vett. Judaor. (Gorlic. 1761); Bohn, D. Liebesmahle d. ersten Christen (Erf. 1762) ; Friihaur, De Agapis (Littav. 1784) ; Drescher, De vett. Christ. Agapis (Giess.1824); Augusti, Handb. d. Christ- lichen Archaol. i, pt. 1, 2; Neander, Church Hist, i, 325; ii, 325; Bruns, Canones Apost. et Concil. (Berol. 1839) ; Kestner, Die Agapen, od. d. geheime Weltbund d. ersten Christen (Jena, 1819) ; Molin, De vett. Christiano- rum Agapis (Lips. 1730) ; Sahmen, id. (Regiom. 1701) ; Stolberg, id. (Viteb. 1693, and in Menthen. Thes. ii, 800 sq.) ; Duguet, Des anciennes Agapes (Par. 1743) ; Fronto, De (piXortjcriaiQ veterum, in his Dissert. Eccl. p. 468-488 ; Hilpert, De Agapis (Helmst. 1656) ; Quis- torp, id. (Rosb. 1711); Tileman, id. (Marb. 1693); Sandelli, De Christianor. synaxibus (Venet. 1770) ; Sonntag, Ferice cereales Christianor. (Altdorf. 1704) ; Bender, De conviviis Hebraor. eucharisticis (Brem. 1704). See Feast.
Agapetae (dyaTrrjrai, beloved, used in the primitive Church as a title of saints). In the early ages of the Church this title was given to virgins who dwelt with monks and others professing celibacy, in a state of so- called spiritual love. This intercourse, however pure and holj' it may have been at first, soon occasioned great scandal in the Church, and at length became the cause of such evils that it was synodically condemned (Lateran Council, 1139). It seems that the name Agapeti (nyairj/roi) was given to men who passed the same kind of life with deaconesses and other women. The 6th Novell (cap. vi) forbids deaconesses to have with them such men, with whom they dwelt as with their brothers or relations. — Epiphanius, Hasr. 43 ; Mosheim, Comm. ii, 138. See Subintroduct^e.
For special treatises on this class of persons see Gilnther, Historia dyain^Twv [avvu<raKTiov~\ (Regiom. 1722) ; Muratori, De Synisactis et Agapetis, in his A need. Or. p. 218-230 ; an anonymous treatise, De commercio cum Mulieribus subintmdnctis (Dresd. 1743) ; Quistorp, 'Aymr>iTcti et "SvvEiffaicroi (Viteb. 1708); Larroquanus, De Mulieribus Clericorum avvtiaaKralc (Viteb. 1708).
Agapetus I, pope, son of Gordianus, a priest, by birth a Roman; succeeded John II in the papacy, April 21st (29th, Cave), 535. Theodatus, the king of the Goths in Italy, alarmed at the conquests of Belisa- rius, obliged Agapetus to proceed to Constantinople to sue for peace from the Emperor Justinian. This the pope was unable to obtain ; but he signalized his zeal for religion by refusing to communicate with Anthimus the Eutychian, then patriarch of Constantinople. The emperor endeavored to compel Agapetus to receive him into communion, but he resolutely persisted in his
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refusal. Induced by this bold conduct to look more closely into the question, Justinian became convinced of the error that had been committed in elevating An- thimus to the patriarchal see, and by his order a coun- cil was held at Constantinople in 536, in which Aga- petus presided, where Anthimus was deposed, and Mennas elected in his stead, and consecrated by the pope. Agapetus died at Constantinople in that same year, on the 17th day of April, after having held the see eleven months and three weeks, according to the most probable opinion. His body was carried to Rome, and buried in the church of St. Peter, in the Vatican, September 20th, on which day his festival is marked in the Roman Martyrology. Five of his epistles re- main, viz., one to Justinian, two to Cresarius, bishop of Aries, and two to Eeparatus, bishop of Carthage. The epistle to Anthimus, given together with these in the Collections of Councils, is spurious. He was suc- ceeded by Silverius. — Biog. Univ.\o\.'\; Baronius, A.D. 535, 536 ; Cave, Hist. Lit. ann. 535.
Agapetus II, pope, A.D. 946, was a Roman by birth, and was chosen, like his predecessor, by the fac- tion of Alberic. The first action of the pope was to establish his political rule over the churches of the em- pire. For this purpose he sent Marinus, bishop of Bormazo, in Tuscany, as a legate to the Emperor Otho I, to assemble a synod. This convention, composed of French and German prelates, was held at Ingelheim, in the church of St. Remi, on the 7th of June, 948, in the presence of Kings Otho and Louis. Marinus pre- sided over it. Notwithstanding the opposition of the synod, the legate re-established in his episcopal digni- ty Artaud, the former bishop of Rheims, who had been removed from his see by Hugo, count of Paris.