2. Son of the preceding, high-priest three months, A.D. 02, by appointment of Agrippa (Josephus, Ant. xx, 9, 1). He was a man extremely bold and enter- prising, of the sect of the Sadducees ; who, thinking it a favorable opportunity, after the death of Festus, governor of Judaea, and before the arrival of Albums, his successor, assembled the Sanhedrim, and therein procured the condemnation of James, the brother (or relative) of Christ, who is often called the bishop of Jerusalem, and of some others, whom they stigmatized as guilty of impiety, and delivered to be stoned. This was extremely displeasing to all considerate men in Jerusalem, and they sent privately to King Agrippa, who had just arrived in Judiva, entreating that he would prevent Ananus from taking such pro. eedings in future. He was, in consequence, deprived of his office. lie was exceedingly active in inflaming the Zealots (Josephus, Life, 88; War, iv, 3, 9-14), and,
in consequence, was put to death at Jerusalem at the beginning of the Jewish wars, A.D. 67 {ib. iv, 5, 2).
3. Son of Bamadus, the most barbarous of all the guards of Simon the tyrant during the final siege of Jerusalem (Josephus, War, v, 13, 1). He was from Emmaus, and deserted to the Romans before the cap- ture of the city {ib. vi, 4, 2).
4. A governor (of the Temple), sent by Quadratus as a prisoner to Rome, along with the high-priest Ananias (Josephus, Ant. xx, 6, 2); called in the par- allel passage {War, ii, 12, 6) the son of this Ananias. He was perhaps the same elsewhere {War, ii, 19, 5) called the son of Jonathan (comp. I Far, ii, 12, 5).
Anaphali. See Heron.
Anaphora {c'a>a<popa, raising up), in the Greek Church Liturgy, is that part of the service which in- cludes the consecration of the elements. The book containing the service is also called A naphora. The term answers to the canon missce of the Roman Liturgy. — Palmer, Orig. Liturg. i, 20.
Anastasia, a martyr of the fourth century, of Roman descent, instructed in the principles of Chris- tianity by Chrysogonus. Her father, being a pagan, gave her in marriage to a man of his own faith named Publius, who informed against her as a Christian. By command of Florus, governor of Illyricum, she was put to the torture; but, her faith remaining un- shaken, he ordered her to be burnt, which sentence was executed December 25, A.D. 304, about one month after the martyrdom of Chrysogonus, her instructor. The Greeks commemorate her as a saint on Dec. 22: the Latins, Dec. 25. — Baillet, under Dec. 25,
Anastasis. See Resurrection.
Anastasius I, Pope, a native of Rome, succeeded Siricus about the year 398. He was a contemporary of St. Jerome, who speaks highly of his probity and apostolic zeal. He condemned the doctrine of Origen, and excommunicated Rufinus, who, in a controversy with Jerome, had been the advocate of Origen. Ana- stasius is said to have acknowledged that he did not understand the controversy. Rufinus wrote an apolo- gy, which is found in Constant's collection of the " Epistles of the Popes." Anastasius died in 402, and was succeeded by Innocent I. — Riddle, Hist, of Papacy, i, 150 ; Baillet, under April 27.
II, Pope, a native of Rome, succeeded Gelasius I in 496. He endeavored to put an end to the schism then existing between the see of Constantinople and that of Rome about the question of precedence. Two let- ters written by him on the occasion to the Emperor Anastasius are still extant. He also wrote a con- gratulatory letter to Clovis, king of the Franks, on his conversion to Christianity. He endeavored to revoke the condemnation of Acacius (q. v.), and thus brought upon himself the hatred of the Roman clergy (Baro- nius, sub anno 497). He died A.D. 498.— Riddle, Hist, of Papacy, i, 192; Baronius, Anna!. A.D. 496.
III, Pope, likewise a Roman, succeeded Sergius III in 914, and died the following year.
IV, Cardinal Conrad, bishop of Sabina, was elected pope in 1153, after the death of Eugenius III. Rome was then in a very disturbed state, owing to the movements of Arnold of Brescia and his followers. Anastasius died in 1154, and was succeeded by Adrian IV. He wrote a work on the Trinity.
Anastasius, Anti-pope, elected about 855 in oppo- sition to Benedict III. Emperor Louis, at the request of the people and clergy of Rome, induced him to resign.
Anastasius, St., patriarch of Antioch, was raised to that throne in 561. The Emperor Justinian, who favored the errors of the Aphthartodocetm (who held that our Lord before his resurrection was, as to his flesh, incorruptible and incapable of suffering), did all in his power to induce Anastasius to support them also, but he persisted in opposing them. Justin II
ANASTASIUS
217
ANATHEMA
banished him from Antioch, which he did not revisit until 593, after twenty-three years of exile. He died in 598 or 599, amid the heaviest afflictions. Gregory the Great wrote often to him to console him, and to congratulate him on his return. In the second coun- cil of Nicsea, a letter of Anastasius was read, in which he drew the distinction between the worship due to God, and that which we render to men and angels, viz., that we serve God alone. His remains may be found in Bib. Max. Patr. torn, ix, and in Combefis, Nov. Auct. torn. i. He is often confounded with Ana- stasius Sinaila (q. v.). — Landon, Eccl. Diet, i, 336.