2. Minni, "'SB, is mentioned in Jer. Ii, 27, along with Ararat and Ashkenaz, as a kingdom called to arm itself against Babylon. The name is by some taken for a contraction of " Armenia," and the Chald. in the text in Jeremiah has Hurmini (ilHja'lli"!). There appears a trace of the name Minni in a passage quoted by Josephus (Ant. i, 3, G) from Nicolas of Damascus, where it is said that "there is a great mountain in Armenia, beyond the Mini/as (Mtvvdg), called Baris, upon which it is reported that man)' who fled at the time of the Delude were saved ; and that one who was carried in an ark came on shore upon the top of it ; and that the remains of the timber were a great while pre- served. This might be the man about whom Moses, the legislator of the Jews, wrote." Saint-Martin (Memoires sur VArmenie, i, 249), has the not ver)r probable conjecture that the word " Minni" ma}' refer to the Manavazians, a distinguished Armenian tribe, descended from Manavaz, a son of Haik, the capital of whose country was Manavazagerd, now Melazgerd. It contains the root of the name Armenia according to
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the generally received derivation, Har-Minni, "the mountains of Minni." It is worthy of notice that the spot where Xenophon ascertains that the name of the country through which he was passing was Armenia, coincides with the position here assigned to Minni (Xen. An. iv, 5 ; Ainsworth, Track of 10,000, p. 177). In Psa. xlv, 8, where it is said, "out of the ivory pal- aces whereby they made thee glad," the Hebrew word rendered "whereby" is minni C1?*?), and hence some (e. g. Rosenmuller, in loc.) take it for the proper name, ami would translate " palaces of Armenia," but the in- terpretation is forced and incongruous (Gesenius, Thes. Ileb. p. 799). See Minni.
3. Togarmah, H^'Un, in some MSS. Torgamah, and found with great variety of orthography in the Sept. and Josephus. In the ethnographic table in the tenth chapter of Genesis (ver. 3 ; comp. 1 Chron. i, G) Togarmah is introduced as the youngest son of Gomer ' (son of Japhet), who is supposed to have given name to the Cimmerians on the north coast of the Euxinc j Sea, his other sons being Ashkenaz and Riphath, both progenitors of northern tribes, among whom also it is natural to seek for the posterity of Togarmah. The prophet Ezekiel (xxxviii, 6) also classes along with Gomer "the house of Togarmah and the sides of the north" (in the Eng. Vers, "of the north quarters"), where, as also at Ezek. xxvii, 14, it is placed beside Meshech and Tubal, probably the tribes of the Moschi and Tibareni in the Caucasus. Now, though Josephus and Jerome find Togarmah in Phrvina, Bochart in
Cappadocia, the Chaldee and the Jewish rabbins in Germany, etc., yet a comparison of the above pas- sages leads to the conclusion that it is rather to bo sought for in Armenia, and this is the opinion of Eu- sebius, Theodoret, and others of the fathers. It is strikingly confirmed by the traditions of that and the neighboring countries. According to Moses of Cho- rene (Hist. Arm. ed. Whiston, i, 8, p. 24), and also King Wachtang's History of Georgia (in Klaproth's Travels in the Caucasus, ii, 04), the Armenians, Geor- gians, Lesghians, Mingrelians, and Caucasians are all descended from one common progenitor, called Thar- gamos, a son of Awanan, son of Japhet, son of Noah (comp. Eusebius, Chron. ii, 12). After the dispersion at Babel he settled near Ararat, but his posterity spread abroad between the Caspian and Euxine seas. A similar account is found in a Georgian chronicle, quoted by another German traveller, Guldenstedt, which states that Targamos was the father of eight sons, the eldest of whom was Aos, the ancestor of the Armenians. They still call themselves "the house of Thorgom," the very phrase used by Ezekiel, the corresponding Syriac word for "house" denoting " land or district" (see Wahl, Gesch. der Morgenl. Spr. u. Lit. p. 72). From the house or province of Togar- mah the market of Tyre was supplied with horses and mules (Ezek. xxvii, 14) ; and Armenia, we know, was famed of old for its breed of horses. The Satrap of Armenia sent yearly to the Persian court 20,000 foals for the feast of Mithras (Strabo, xi, 13, 9; Xen. oph.^lmft&as.iv, 5, 24; Herod, vii, 40). See Togarmah.
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Map uf micieut Armenia, with the adjoining Regions.
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The 'Apptvia of the Greeks (sometimes aspirated, 'Apptvia, comp. Xen. Anab. iv, 6, 34) is the Arminiya or Jrminiya of the Arabs, the Ermenistan of the Per- sians. Moses of Chorene (Hist. Arm. p. 35) derives the name from Aram (q. v.), a son of Shem, who also gave name to Aramaja or Syria; Hartmann (Aufklar. i, 34) draws it from Armenagh, the second of the na- tive princes ; but the most probable etymology is that of Bochart (Phaleg, i, 3), viz., that it was originally "li"2"""ri, Har-Minni or Mount Minni, i. e. the High- land of Minyas, or, according to Wahl (Asien, i, 807), the Heavenly Mountain (i. e. Ararat), for mino in Zend, and myno, myny, in Parsee, signify " heaven, heavenly." In the country itself the name Armenia is unknown ; the people are called Haik (Rosenmiil- ler, Alterth. I, i, 2G7 sq.), and the country Hayotz-zor, the Valley of the Haiks— from Haik, the "fifth de- scendant of Noah by Japhet, in the traditionary gene- alogy of the country (comp. Ritter's Erdkunde, ii, 714).