! thor of a Life of St. Augustine and numerous other
! works, has commenced (18G4), in connection with abbe Eaulx, a translation of the complete works of St. Au- gustine. The translators claim that this is the first complete French translation of the great church fa- ther. The work will be completed in twelve vol- umes (Saint Anr/iistiii; (Fuvres Completes). Recent editions of the De Cicitate Dei have been published by Bruder (Leipsic, 1838) and Strange (Cologne, 1850); of the Confessiones, by Bruder (Leipsic, 1837), Pusey (Oxford, 1838), Raumer (Stuttgardt, 1856); of the
; Meditaliones, by Sintzel (Sulzbach, 1844) and 'West- hoff(Miinster, 1854). German translations of the Con-
I fessions have been published by Bapp (3d edit. Stutt- gardt, 1856), Groninger (4th edit. Minister, 1859), and
i by several anonymous translators (Passau, 6th edit. 1856 ; Ratisbon, 1853 ; Reutlingen, 1858) ; and of the
! City of God, by Silbert (1825, 2 vols.)— Neandcr, Ch. Jlist. ii, 354, 5G4 ; Hist, of Dogmas, vol. i, passim ; Mozley, Augustinian Doctrine of Predestination (Lond. 1850);' Mosheim, Ch. Hist, i, 110, 156; Wiggers, His- tory of A ugustiniauism and Pidagianism (vol. i trans, by Emerson, And. 1840, 8vo); Schaff, Life and Labors of Augustine (X. Y. 1854, 12mo) ; Bohringer, Kircheng. in Biographien, I, pt. iii, 99 sq. ; Kloth, Dcr heil. Kir-
\ chenlehrer Augustinus (Aachen, 1840) ; Bindemann, Der heil. Augustinus (Berlin, 1844); Poujoulat, Histoire de St.Augustin (Paris, 1844, 3 vols.); Shedd, History if Doctrines, bk. iv; Am. Bib. Repos. v, 195; Meth. (>u. Rev. 1857, 352 sq. ; Princeton Rev. July, 18G2, art. iii ; Watson, Dictionary, s. v. ; Hook, Eccles. Bioff. vol. i ; Taylor, Ancient Christianity, 5, 231; Jahrb.f dcutsche
1 Theolog'e, 1862; Church Review, July, 1863, 31G.
Augustine (or Austin), first archbishop of Can- terbury, was a monk of the Benedictine monastery of St. Andrew, at Pome, and was sent by Pope Gregory, who had been prior of that convent, soon after his ac- cession to the papal throne, as a missionary into Eng- land, together with forty companions, also Benedic- tines, A.D. 596 (Bede, Hist. Eccl. i, 23)- Augustine and his company became discouraged, and Augus- tine was dispatched back to Borne to obtain the pope's leave for their return ; but Gregory disregarded his remonstrances, ami, providing him with new letters of protection, commanded him to proceed. Augus- tine and his companions landed late in 59(i in the isle of Thanet, whence they sent messengers to Eth- elbert, king of Kent, to inform him of the object of their mission. Ethelbert's queen, Bertha, daughter of Cherebert, king of the Parisii, was a Christian, and by the articles of her marriage (as early as 570) had the free exercise of her religion allowed her. Eth- elbert ordered the missionaries at first to continue in the isle of Thanet, but some time after came to them
AUGUSTINIAN MONKS
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AUGUSTINIAN MONKS
and invited them to an audience in the open air. Al- though he refused at first to abandon the gods of his fathers, he allowed them to preach without molesta- tion, and assigned them a residence in Canterbury, then called Dorobernia, which they entered in proces- sion, singing hymns. After the conversion and bap- tism of the king himself, they received license to preach in any part of his dominions, which Bede as- sures us (c. 25) extended (probably over tributary kingdoms) as far as the river Ilumber, and proselytes were now made in remarkable numbers. In 597, Au- gustine, by direction of Pope Gregory, went over to Aries, in France, where he was consecrated archbish- op, and metropolitan of the English nation, by the archbishop of that place; after which, returning into Britain, he sent Lawrence, the presbyter, and Peter, the monk, to Rome, to acquaint the pope with the suc- cess of his mission, and to desire his solution of certain questions respecting church discipline, the mainte- nance of the clergy, etc. which Bede (1. i, c. 27) has reported at length in the form of interrogatories and answers. Gregory sent over more missionaries, and directed him to constitute a bishop at York, who might have other subordinate bishops, yet in such a manner that Augustine of Canterbury should be metropolitan of all England. Augustine now made an attempt to establish uniformity of discipline in the island, and, as a necessary step, to gain over the Welsh bishops to bis opinion. For this purpose a conference was held in Worcestershire, at a place since called Augustine's Oak, where the archbishop endeavored to persuade the prelates to make one communion, and assist in preaching to the unconverted Saxons ; but neither this, nor a second conference, in which he threatened divine vengeance in case of non-obedience, was suc- cessful. After Augustine's death, Ethelfrid, king of Northumberland, marched with an army to Caerleon, and near twelve hundred monks of Bangor were put to the sword. In the year G04 Augustine consecrated two of his companions, Mellitus and Justus, the for- mer to the see of London, the latter to that of Roches- ter. He died at Canterbury, probably in 607, but the date of his death is variously given from G04 to G1-! The observation of the festival of St. Augustine was first enjoined in a synod held under Cuthbert, arch- bishop of Canterbury (Gervase, Act. Pontif. Cantuar. Script, x, col. 1041), and afterward by the pope's bull in the reign of Edward III. See Bede, Hist. Eccl. lib. i and ii ; Gregorius, Epis/ohr', 1. vii, ep. 5, 30 ; 1. ix, ep. 56; Joan Diacon. Vita S. Greg.; Stanley, Memo- rials of Canterbury (London, 1855); Acta Sanctorum, Mensis Maii, vi, 378 ; English Cyclopaedia ,• Neander, Ck. Hist, iii, 11-18 ; Smith, Religion of . ! ncient Britain, ch. x. See England, Church of.