BALDACHIN
625
BxVLE
Artificial baldness marked the conclusion of a Naza- rite's vow (Acts xviii, 18 ; Num. vi, 9), and was a sign of mourning (Cic. Tusc. Z%). iii, 2G). It is often al- luded to in Scripture, as in Mic. i, 16 ; Amos viii, 10 ; Jer. xlvii, 5, etc. ; and in Deut. xiv, 1, the reason for its being forbidden to the Israelites is their being "a holy and peculiar people" (comp. Lev. xix, 27, and Jer. ix, 26, marg.). The practices alluded to in the latter passages were adopted by heathen nations (e. g. the Arabs, etc.) in honor of various gods. The Aban- tes and other half-civilized tribes shaved off the fore- locks, to avoid the danger of being seized by them in battle (Herod, ii, 36 ; i, 82).— Smith. See Hair.
Baldachin or Baldaquin (utribraculuni), (1.) the cilorium, or canopy, overhanging the altar, imitating a, roof supported by pillars. (2.) The canopy which is borne over the host, or over the head of the pope, on daj's of ceremony. The name itself is an ancient French term, signifying the richest kind of silks and tissues, especially of gold thread ; so called, perhaps, because imported from Baldak, the mediaeval name of Babylon in Persia, — Ducange, Gloss, s. v.
Balde, Joiiann Jacob, surnamed by his contem- poraries "the German Horace," was born at Ensis- heim, near Colmar, Alsace, in 1603, and was educated at the University of Ingolstadt. He entered the order of Jesuits in 1624, became in 1G38 court preacher at Munich, and afterward confessor of Philip William, duke of Bavaria. He died Aug. 9th, 1668. His prin- cipal writings, all of which are written in classic Latin, are — Carmina lyrica libri IV, Epoclon liber, Sylvtv lyri- ca>. Be vanitate mundi: — Solatium podagricorum (Co- logne, 1660):— Opera poetica (Munich, 1726, 8 vols.), etc. His Uranie victorieuse was rewarded by Alex- ander VII with a gold medal. A selection of his works was published by Orelli (Zurich, 2d ed. 1818) and by Cleska (Augsbg. 1829, 2 vols.) ; a biography by Cleska (Nurnb. 1842).
Bald Locust. See Locust.
Baldness. See Bald.
Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, was born at Exeter, where he received a liberal education. He became archdeacon of Exeter, but soon resigned, and became a monk in the Cistercian abbey of Ford, in Dev- onshire, of which in a few years he was elected abbot. In 1181 he was made bishop of Worcester, and in 1184 Henry II translated him to the see of Canterbury. Ur- ban III afterward made Baldwin his legate for the dio- cese of Canterbury. On September, 3, 1189, Baldwin performed the ceremony of crowning Richard I at West- minster ; and in the same year, when that king's nat- ural brother, Geoffrey, was translated from the see of Lincoln to York, he successfully asserted the pre-emi- nence of the see of Canterbury, forbidding the bishops of England to receive consecration from any other than the Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1190 he made a progress into Wales to preach the Crusade ; and in the same 3Tear, having held a council at Westminster, he followed King Richard I to the Holy Land. He em- barked at Dover March 25, 1191, abandoning the im- portant duties of his station, and, after suffering many hardships on his voyage, arrived at Acre during the siege, where he died, November 20, in the same year, and where his body was interred. Bishop Tanner has given a list of a great many treatises by Archbishop Baldwin, which remain in manuscript, and has noticed the different libraries in which they are deposited. The most important were collected by Bertrand Tis- sier, and published, in 1602, in the fifth volume of the " Scriptores Biblioth. Cisterciensis." See Engl. Cyclo- pedia; Godwin, De Frees. Ang. p. 79; Collier, Eccl. Hist, ii, 374 sq.
Baldwin, Ebenezer, a Congregational minister, was born at Norwich, Conn., July 3, 1745. He gradu- ated at Yale in 1763, and became tutor there in 17PD, Re
In 1770 he was ordained minister of the first Cong, church in Danbury. In the Revolution he was an ar- dent Whig, and, as chaplain in the army, contracted the disease of which he died, Oct. 1, 1776. — Sprague, Annals, i, 645.
Baldwin, Elihu W., D.D.,an efficient Presbyte- rian minister, born in Greene Co., N. Y., in 1789, and educated at Yale and Andover, was licensed to preach in 1817, and by his labors established the Seventh Presb. Church in New York, of which he became pas- tor in 1820. In 1835 he became president of Wabash College, at that time a very arduous post, on account of the pecuniary difficulties in which the institution was involved. In 18: 9 Mr. Baldwin received the de- gree of D.D. from Indiana College. He died Oct. 15, 1840, having published several tracts and sermons. — Sprague, Annals, iv, 572.
Baldwin, Thomas, D.D., a Baptist minister, was born at Bozrah, Conn., Dec. 23, 1753, and died at Wa- terville, Me., Aug. 29, 1826. Though educated among Pasdobaptists, he adopted Baptist views, and was bap- tized by immersion in 1781. In the following year he began to preach, and was ordained in 1783 pastor of the Baptist church in Canaan, N. H., where he was re- siding. In 1790 he removed to Boston, taking charge of the Second Baptist Church in that place. In 1794 he received the degree of A.M. from Brown Univer- sity, and in 1803 that of D.D. from Union College. From the latter year till his death he was the chief ed- itor of the "Mass. Bapt. Miss. Magazine," published in Boston. Dr. Baldwin published several pamphlets on baptism and communion, besides "A Series of Letters in Answer to the Rev. Samuel Worcester," published in 1810, and various tracts and sermons. — Sprague, A nnals, vi, 208 ; Mass. Bapt. Miss. Mag. v.