BAPTISM
651
BAPTISM
han't the holy Oil and the infused Chrism uith the water, and sprinkles it all over the font. Then he wipes his hand upon (what is termed') medulla panis ; and if any one is to be baptized, lie baptizes him as above. But if there is no one to be baptized, he is forthwith to wash his hands, and the water of ablution must be poured out into the sacrarium (see Rit. Bom. p. 58. — Elliott, Delineation of Iionvinism, bk. ii, ch. ii).
3. The ceremonies of baptism in the Protestant churches are generally very simple, consisting, as has been said, in the application of water, by sprinkling, pouring, or immersion, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Ritual services are fixed in the Church of England, and the same (or nearly the same) are used in the Protest int Episcopal Church in America (see Prayer-book, Ministration of Baptism). The same forms, omitting the sign of the cross, and those parts which imply baptismal regener- ation (ex ipve) and the use of sponsors, is used in the Methodist Episcop.il Church (Discipline, pt. iv, ch. i). The Presbyterian Church prescribes no complete rit- ual, but gives certain rules in the Directory for Wor- ship, ch. vii. The Reformed Dutch Church prescribes a simple and scriptural form (Constitution of R. D. Church, ed. Mentz, p. 93). The German Reformed Church admits sponsors, but they must be "in full communion with some Christian church (Constitution, pt. iv) ; and a form approaching to that of the Method- ist Episcopal Church is given in the Provisional Lit- urgy of 1858, p. 204. The Lutheran Church prescribes forms of baptism (Liturgy, § 4), and admits sponsors, who may lie the parents of the child.
The sign of the cross is used in baptism in tha Greek and Roman churches, and in the Church of England ; it is optional in the Protestant Episcopal Church. See Cross ix Baptism.
IX. Works on Baptism.— The lit, >r it ire of the bu] - ject is very ample. Resides the work; cited in the course of this article, and the writers on systematic theology, see Baxter, Plain Prof of Ji fin's' Church Membership (1656); Wall, History of Infant Baptism, with Gale's Reflections and Wall's Defence, edited by Cotton (Oxford, 1836 ami 1844, 4 vols.W) : Matthies, Baptismatis Expositio Bibl.-Hisl.-Dogmaiica (Berlin, 1831, 8vo) ; Range, Die Kin lertaufe (Jena, 1*34, 8vo); Walch, Historia Pcedobaptismi (Jenae, 1739); Williams, Aut'p edobap'ism examined (1789, 2 vol?. 12mo); Facts and Evidences on Baptism, by the editor of Calmet's Dictionary (London, 1815, 2 vols. 8vo ; condensed into one vol., entitled Apostolic Bap'ism, X. Y. 1850, 12mo) ; Towgood, Dissertations on Christian Baptism (Lond. 1815, 12mo); Ewing, Essay on Baptism (Glasgow, 1823) ; Bradbury. Duty and Doctrine of Baptism (Lond. 1749, 8vo); Woods, Lectures on Infant Baptism (Ando- ver, 1829, 12mo) ; Slicer On Baptism ( X. Y. 1841, 12mo) ; Wardlaw, Dissertation on Infant Baptism i Lond.l2mo) ; Neander, History of Doctrines, i, 229 sq. ; Beoeher, Bap- tism, its Import and Modes (N. Y. 1849, 12mo) ; Cole- ridge, Works (X. Y. ed., v, 187); Hibbard, Christian Baptism, its Subjects, Mode, and Obligation (X. Y. 18-15, 12mo); Ilouing, Sacrament der Taufe (Erlang. 1846, 2 vols.); Rosser, Baptism, its Nature, Obligation, etc. (Richmond, 1853, 12mo) ; Gibson, The Fathers on Na- ture and Effects of 'Baptism (Lond. 1854); Cunning- ham, Reformers an I Theology of Reformation, Essay v ; Summers On Baptism (Richmond, 1853, 12mo) ; Hall. Law of Baptism (X. Y. 1846, 12mo) ; Studkn u. Kritiken, 1861, p. 219; Litton On the Church, 243 sq. One of the best tracts on infant baptism is Dr. Miller's, No. VIII of the Tracts of the Presbyterian Board. On early history, doctrines, and usages, Coleman, Ancient ( la's' in nity, ch. xix ; Sehaft', Apostolical Church, § 142 ; Palmer, Origines Liturgica, ii, 166 sq. ; Procter On Common Prayer, 361 sq. ; Mosheim, Commentaries ; Dorner, Doctrine of the Person of Christ, i, 168 sq.
On the Baptist side: Gale, Reply to Wall (bound in Cotton's edition of Wall) ; Booth, Apology fa- the Baj)-
tists ( Works, vol. ii) ; Booth, Ptedobaptism Examined (Lond. 1829, 3 vols. 8vo) ; Gill, Divine Right of Infant Baptism and other Essays (in "Collection of Sermons and Tracts," Lond. 1773, 2 vols. 4to) ; Hinton, History of Baptism (Phil. 1849, 12mo) ; Robinson, History of Baptism (Lond. 1790, and later editions, 4to); Carson, Baptism in its Mods and Objects (Lond. 1844, 8vo; Phila. 5th ed. 1857, 8vo) ; Xoel, Essay on < 'liristian Bap- tism (X. Y. 185b, 12ino) ; Orchard, Concise History of Foreign Baptists, etc. (Lond. 1838) ; < 'urtis, Progress of Baptist Principles (Boston, 1856) ; Pengilly, Scripture Guide to Baptism (Phila. 1849, 12mo); J. T. Smith, Ar- guments for Infant Baptism examined (Phila. 1850, 12mo); Haynes, The Baptist Denomination (X.Y. 1856, 12mo) ; Jewett On Baptism (Bapt. Pub. Soc.) ; Conant, Meaning and Use of ' Baptist in (X.Y. 1860, 4 to). On sacramental grace and regeneration by baptism, see Grace; Sacraments ; Regeneration (Baftis?
MAT.).