Berti, Giovanni Lorenzo, an Augustinian monk, born 1696, in Tuscany. He was called by the Grand- duke of Tuscany to the chair of theology at Tisa, where
BERTIUS
he died, May 26, 1766. His principal work is a course of theology, printed at Rome, from 1739 to 17!:.. in 8 vols. It", under the title De Theologieis DUciplinis (also Naples, 1776, 10 vols. 4to). He was charged with Jansenism, and, by order of the pope, print il. at the Vatican, in 1749, an apology, under tine title Augustinianum systema de gratia, de iniquu Baian- ismi it Jansenism* erroris insimtdaUone vindlcatum (2 vols. It. 1 1. Against Archbishop Languet, who repeated the same charge, and denounced him to Pope Benedict X I V, li ■ wrote the work, In Opusadum Inscriptum J. J. Languet, Judicium de operibus Theologicis Belleli et Ber- 'ulatio (Leghorn, 1756). Berti also wrote an ftical History (7 vols. 4 to ; afterward abridged, N ip] ss, 17 IS); and a work on the life and writings of Augustine (De Rebus gest is S. Augusthv, librisqm- <,b eodem conscript is, Venice, 1756). — Biographic Unicer- selle. iv, 361.
Bertius, Petkus, born in Flanders, November 14, 1565, became regent of the college of the States at Leyden, and professor of philosophy. Having em- braced the opinions of Arminius, he drew upon him- self the enmity of the Gomarists, and was stripped of his employments. Upon this he removed to France, where, in 1620, he joined the Roman Catholic Church, and was nominated to the professorship of eloquence in the college of Boncourt. He afterward became his- toriographer to the king, and died October 3, 1629. Among his works are, 1. Notitia Episcopatuum Gallia, (Paris, 1625, fob): — 2. Theatrum Geographic veteris (Amst. 1618-19, 2 vols. fob). See Mosheim, Ch. Hist. iii, 300.
Bertram, monk of Corbie. See Ratramncs. Bertram, Cornelius Bonaventura, professor of Hebrew at Geneva and Lausanne, was born at Thouars in 1531, and died at Lausanne in 1594. He published a translation of the Bible from the original Hebrew into French, which is in high repute among the French Calvinists. He also published De Rqwblira Hihra>- orum (Lugd. Bat. 1641), which is given in the Critici Sacri, vol. v.— Landon, Eccl. Diet, ii, 212.
Berulle, Pierre de, institutor and first superior general of the "congregation of priests of the Ora- tory" in Frame, was born in the neighborhood of Troyes, in Champagne, February 4, 1575. After es- tablishing the Carmelites in France, he laid the foun- dation of tb" "Congregation of the Oratory" which raised a great storm on the part of the Jesuits. He, however, bad the concurrence of the pope and of the king, Louis XIII, and on the 4th of November, 1611, the Oratory [see ObATOEIANS] was established. In 1 ' ■ - 7 Urban VIII made him cardinal. He died sud- denly at the altar, Oct. 2, 1629, not without suspicion of having been poisoned by Richelieu. He left many controversial and devotional works, published at Paris (1644, L657, 2 vols. fol.). His Life was written by Hu- bert i Paris, 1746) and Tabaraud (new cd. Paris, 1817, 2 vols.).- Biog. Univ. iv, 379-384 ; Landon, ii, 214.
Beryl is the uniform rendering in the Auth. Vers, only of the 11. 'b. d^fihR, tarshish' (so called, accord- resenius, as being brought from Tarshish), and .</.., ,\\,,,-, a precious stone, the tirst in the fourth row on the breastplate of the high-priest (Exod. xxviii, 20; xxxix, 13). The color of the wheels in i •■. i as the color of a beryl-stone (Ezck. !. 16; x, 9); ii i mentioned among the treasures of - of Tyre in Ezek. xxviii, 13, where the mar- ginal reading is chrysoliu ,• in Cant. v, 14, as being set in rings of gold; and in Dan. x, 6, the body of the man whom Daniel saw in vision is said to belike the ben I. In Rev. x-.i, 19, the beryl is the 8th founda- tion of the city, the chrysolite being the 7th. InTobit xiii, 17, is a prophetic praj'er that the streets of Jeru- salem maybe paved with beryl. In Exod. xxviii, 20 the Sept. ren.l-r, tarshish by "chrysolite," xpvir6\i9o§}
168
BERYTUS
while they render the 11th stone, fittiU, skoham, by "beryl," (3npv\\iov. In Ezek. i, 16, they have 8ap- ffei'j,' ; in x, 9, \i6oe. avOpanoc. ; and xxviii, 13, avOpali , in Cant, v, 14, and in Dan. x, 6, Bapaic- This variety of rendering shows the uncertainty under which the old interpreters labored as to the stone actually meant. See Gem. Josephus takes it to have been the chryso- lite, a golden-colored gem, the topaz of more recent authors, found in Spain (Plin. xxxvii, 109), whence its name tarshish (see Braun, de Vest. -Sac. H<b. lib. ii, c. 18, § 193). Luther suggests turquoise, while others have thought that amber was meant. Kalisch, in the two passages of Exodus, translates tarshish by chrys- olite, which he describes as usually green, but with different degrees of shade, generally transparent, but often only translucent — harder than glass, but not so hard as quartz. The passage in Rev. xxi, 20, is ad- verse to this view. Schleusner (i, 446) says the /3/j- nvWoc, is aqua-marine. "The beryl is a gem of the genus emerald, but less valuable than the emerald. It differs from the precious emerald in not possessing any of the oxide of chrome. The colors of the beryl are grayish-green, blue, yellow, and sometimes nearly white" (Humble, Diet. Geol. p. 30). — Penny Cyclopedia, s. v. ; Smith's Diet, of Class. Antiq.s.v. Beryllus. See Onyx.