it to the bishops of the province, the consent of all of whom was required to the election; after which the bishop elect was confirmed and consecrated by the metropolitan. In the Roman Church bishops arc'nom- inated by the chapter of the Cathedral ; in some coun- tries by the clergy of the diocese, and in others by the prince of the country (this case, however, is re- stricted to Roman Catholic princes) ; but the pope must confirm the nomination and grant his bull for the con- secration (Cone. Trid. sess. xxiv, de Ref. ch. i). At consecration the bishop elect must take the oath of allegiance to the pope. In England the election of bishop lies theoretically with the chapter, but the choice is practically vested in the crown. In the Methodist Episcopal Church bishops are elected by the General Conference (Diseijiline, pt. ii, ch. ii, § 13), and in the Protestant Episcopal Church by the Diocesan
in public processions, and thus became a twofold badge Convention (Canon II, 1844). All the bishops of the of the bishop's office. Most of these insignia are still Lutheran churches are appointed by the princes of used in the Greek and Roman churches. — Farrar, s. v. their several countries.
4. Duties. — The duties of the bishop in the ancient G. Consecration (1.) In the Roman Church three Church included the celebration of Divine worship bishops are required for the rite; one (who must al- and the discipline and government of the Church, i ways be a bishop) to consecrate, the two others (who His principal duties, though not performed by him ex- | may be mitred abbots, and, incases of emergenc}-, oth- clusively, were catechising and preaching. Others, or prelates, or simply priests) to assist. [1.] After the exclusively belonging to him, were the confirmation J consecrator has examined the elect and administered of baptized persons, by which they Mrere admitted as | the oath of obedience, the candidate is habited in the acknowledged members into the Church, the ordina- j pontifical vestments, and the Litany having been sung, tion of presbyters and inferior ministers, the restora- ! the three bishops place upon the head and shoulders tion of penitents, and various acts of consecration and of the elect the Book of the Gospels open, nothing lie- benediction. As to discipline, while at times the pre- ing spoken. [2.] The three bishops then lay their rogatives of the bishop were restricted, he remained hands upon the head of the elect, saying, "Receive the source and centre of ecclesiastical authority with- I thou the Holy Ghost." [3.] The consecrator prays ,in his diocese. The diocesan clergy were dependent ! for grace for the newly-made bishop. [4.] He anoints upon him, and the regulations of the churches were , him with the chrism on the head and hands, saying, directed by him. His authority was seen in the fol- "Ungatur et consecretur caput tuum," etc. [5.] He lowing particulars : In the superintendence of religious places in his hands the pastoral staff, ring, and Book worship ; in the oversight of all the members of the j of the Gospels, saying, "Accipe Baculum . . . ," etc. Church throughout a diocese in spiritual and ecclesi- ; [G.] Mass is completed, and the new bishop commnni- astical matters; in the control of all subordinate spir- J cates in both kinds. Of these ceremonies, the imposi- itual persons and ecclesiastical officers; in the visita- j tion of hands and accompanying prayer are the onby tion of the clergy, churches, schools, and religious parts which are considered essential to episcopal ordi- bouses ; in the presidency over all synods within the j nation. See Boissonnet, Diet, des Ceremonies, i, 1294. diocese, and even in the management and distribution ! (2.) In the Greek Church the following is the order, of all the property of the Church (Farrar, s. v.). Most as given in Goar's Euchologion: Mass having com- of these powers are retained in the Greek and Ro- menced, the elect, accompanied bv the priests and oth- man churches to this day. The bishops of the Roman i er clerks, stands at the lower end of the church; the Church assume some special duties toward the pope \ consecrating bishops, who must be three at least, in by the oath of obedience which is administered to their pontifical vestments, sit in their stalls, the chief them before their consecration (see below). The most eclebrator sitting between the assistants. The gos- important of the duties enumerated in the formula of a peller cries " Attendamus /" upon which one of the bishop's oath are, to be faithfully attached to the pope : clerks (uprce reliquis literatissimusn) makes the first and to bis successors, not to enter into any plot against \ presentation of the elect, who is led by the clergy as him, not to divulge a plan which the pope may com- far as the tail of an eagle delineated on the floor of the to him; to preserve, defend, increase, and church. The consecrator then asks him what he has the n rhts, honors, privileges, and authority come to request, to which the elect replies that he «f the Roman See; to observe, and to have observed seeks the laying on of the hands of the bishops. He v others, the entire canonical law; to persecute and is then questioned concerning his faith. After this, '.' : ' '" ;/" besi °fM* oMity, the heretics, schismat- the consecrating bishop gives him the benediction, with who may rebel against the pope or his sue- the crosier. And then follows a second presentation, hasreticos, Bchismaticos et rebelles eidem the elect having advanced to the middle of the eagle, raino nostro v. 1 successoribus prsBdictis pro posse lie now gives a fuller account of his faith, is again rsequar et impugnabo"), and to visit Rome in person blessed by the bishop, and then advances to tbe bead .•n ery Kurd year. ,,i order to give an account of the of the eagle. Here the consecrator, for the third time,