Sea of Galilee, no domesticated swine were reared. I In Egypt, where swine-herds were treated as the low- est of men, even to a denial of admission into the tem- ples, and where to have been touched by a swine de- filed the person nearly as much as it did a Hebrew, it is difficult to conjecture for what purpose these animals | were kept so abundantly as it appears by the monu- mental pictures they were; for the mere service of treading down seed in the deposited mud of the Nile | when the inundation subsided, the only purpose al- leged, cannot be admitted as a sufficient explanation of the fact Although in Palestine, Syria, and Phoeni- cia hogs were rarely domesticated, wild boars are often mentioned in the Scriptures, and they were frequent in the time of the Crusades ; for Richard Cceur-de-Lion encountered one of vast size, ran it through with his lance, and, while the animal was still endeavoring to gore his horse, he leaped over its back, and slew it : with his sword. At present wild boars frequent the marshes of the Delta, and are not uncommon on Mount Carmel and in the valley of Ajalah. They are abun- dant about the sources of the Jordan, and lower down, where the river enters the Dead Sea. The Koords and other wandering tribes of Mesopotamia, and on tho banks of both the great rivers, hunt and eat the wild boar, and it may be suspected that the half human satyrs they pretend sometimes to kill in the chase dc- I rive their cloven-footed hind-quarters from wild boars, and offer a convenient mode of concealing from the women and public that the nutritive flesh thej' bring home is a luxury forbidden by their law. The wild boar of the East, though commonly smaller than the old breeds of domestic swine, grows occasionally to a very large size. It is passive while unmolested, but j vindictive and fierce when roused. The ears of the species are small, and rather rounded, the snout broad, j the tusks very prominent, the tail distichous, and the color dark ashy, the ridge of the back bearing a profu- sion of long bristles. It is doubtful whether this spe- cies is the same as that of Europe, for the farrow are not striped ; most likely it is identical with the wild hog of India. The wild boar roots up the ground in a different manner from the common hoi; ; the one turns up the earth in little spots here and there, the other ploughs it up like a furrow, and does irreparable dam- age in the cultivated lands of the farmer, destroying tb ■ roots of the vine and other plants. "The chief abode of the wild boar," says Forbes, in his Oriental Memoirs, "is in the forests and jungles; but when tho grain is nearly ripe, he commits great ravages in tho li 1 Is and sugar plantations. The powers that sub- v srtcd the Jewish nation are compared to tho wild boar, and the wild beast of the field, by which the vine is wasted and devoured; and no figure could be more ; happily chosen (Psa. lxxx, 13). That ferocious and d sstructive animal, not satislied with devouring the fruit, lacerates and breaks with bis sharp tusks the. branches of the vino, or with his snout digs it up by the root3 and tramples it under his feet." Dr. Pococke observed very large herds of wild boars on the side of the Jordan, where it flows out of the Sea of Tiberias, il of them on the other side lying among the reedf of the sea. The wild boars of other countries de- 1 light in like moist retreats. These shady marshes, then, it would seem, are called in the Scripture "wood-,"' for it calla these animals "the wild boars of tb" woods/' This habit of lurking in reeds was known to the Assyrians, and sculptured on their mon- uments (see Layard, Nineveh and Babylon, p. 109). The Heb. ~"in is from an unused root "ijn (chazarf, to roll in the miro). The Sept. rondors it ovq or 5c, but in the N\ T. ,\"'/'"'-' i- used for swine. See Swine. Board Is the rendering in the Auth. Vers, of the following words I fJO, lu'dch (a tablet, usually "ta- il.on of the enclosing mat-rials of the altar, Exod. xxvii, fcj ; xx.wiii, 7; of .sculptured slabs, 1
Kings vii, 3G ("ledge"); of writing tablets ("table"), Isa. xxx, 8; Jer. xvii, 1 ; Hab. ii, 2; of the valve of folding-doors, Cant, viii, 9 ; of the deck of a ship, Ezek. xxvii, 5; "bs, tse'la, a "rib," hence a beam (q. v.), 1 Kings vi, 15, 16 ; ttJ^j?, ke'resh, a plank, i. e. of the tabernacle, Exod. xxvi, 15-29 ; xxv, 11 ; xxxvi, 20- 34; xxxix, 33; xl, 18; Num.iii, 36; iv, 31 ; "bench," i. e. deck, Ezek. xxvii, 6 ; iTn'lb, sederah', a row, e. g. of stones, 1 Kings vi, 9; of soldiers ("ranges"), 2 Kings xi, 8, 15; aaviq, a plank of a vessel, Acts xxvii, -il.
Boardman, George Dana, A.M., an American Baptist missionary, called " the apostle of the Karens," was born at Livermore, Maine, where his father was pastor of a Baptist church, Feb. 8, 1801. He studied at Waterville College, where he was converted in 1820. His attention while in college was strongly turned to the work of foreign missions, and he offered himself to the Baptist Board in April, 1823, and was accepted. After a period spent in study at Andover, he was ordained, and sailed from Philadelphia for Cal- cutti, July 16, 1825. After some time spent in Cal- cutta, on account of the war in Burmah, he reached his destined port, Maulmain, in 1827. In 1828 he was chosen to found a new station at Tavoy, and in three years he gathered a Christian Church of nearly 100 converted Karens. He died Feb. 11, 1831. On his tombstone at Tavoy are these words : " Ask in the Christian villages of yonder mountains, Who taught you to abandon the worship of demons ? Who raised you from vice to morality ? Who brought you your Bi- bles, your Sabbaths, and your words of prayer? Let the reply be his eulogy. ' : — King, Memoir of Board- man (Boston, 1836, 12mo) ; Sprague, Annals, vi, 733.