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CYCLOP/EDIA
OF
BIBLICAL,
THEOLOGICAL, AND ECCLESIASTICAL
LITERATURE.
PEEPARED BY
THE REV. JOHN M'CLINTOCK, D.D.,
AND
JAMES STRONG, S.T.D.
Vol. X.— SU-Z.
PRIVATE LIBRARY RICHARD C. HALVGRSON
NEW YORK: HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,
FRANKLIN SQUARE. 188 1.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1881, by
HARPER & BROTHERS,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
PREFACE TO VOL. X.
With this volume the Cyclopaedia reaches the end of the alphabet. The Supple- ment, which is already in an advanced stage of preparation, will embrace a large amount* of matter which came to hand too late for insertion in the body of the work ; the fresh material contained in the new editions of Herzog's Real-Ency- Mopddie and Wetzer and Welte's ICircheji - Lexikon, in Lichtenberger's En,cyclo- pedie des Sciences Heliyieuses, in Kraus's Heal-EncyMopcidie der Christlichen Al- tertkilmer, and in Smith's Dictionaries of Christian Antiquities and Biography ; the recent researches in Egyptology and Assyriology; and the results of the Ord- nance Survey of Western Palestine just completed. The necrological sketches will be brought down to the latest date. Every available source oi information will be laid under contribution in order to keep this Cyclopaedia fully abreast of the investigations and literature of the times.
Notwithstanding the liability to omissions and inaccuracies which inevitably at- tends an undertaking so complex and extensive, it is the general verdict that this CyclopcBdia is superior to every other work of the kind, and that it is a necessity in the library of every Biblical and theological student. Minor errors which have been discovered from time to time have been corrected in the electrotype plates ; and the Supplement is designed to elFect more important emendations, and to place the latest discoveries at the disposal of the reader.
The large colored Map of the Temple at Jerusalem, which is folded in a pocket of the cover of the present volume, has been carefully executed after plans furnished by the editor, and combines, for the first time, it is believed, in complete harmony, all the ancient information (from the Mishna and Josephus) with the full results of modern exploration (from the late Ordnance Survey).*
In bringing this work to a close, the present editor desires to express his sincere regret that the later volumes have contained less and less of the material prepared by his late colleague, the Rev. Dr. McClixtock, whose name will always be asso- ciated with the Cyclopedia as that of one of its projectors, and whose learning and assiduous application contributed largely to its success. The earlier volumes were enriched by many articles from his accomplished pen, and received the full benefit of his personal supervision ; but towards the close the notes and memoranda which he left behind became fragmentary and scanty, or were superseded by more recent matei'ial.
* The monograph on The, Temple and the Tomb by Captain Warren, late of the English Survej^ Corps at Jerusalem, has been published since our map and article on the subject were finished ; but we are happy to find that it substantially confirms our main positions in this regard.
PREFACE TO \()L. X. The following is a list of the speci:\l contributors to this volume:
T. J. C The Hcv. T. J. Conast, D.D., Hr....klyii, X. Y.
J. T. C The late Kev. J. T. Ckani:, D.D., of the Newark Conference.
K. E The Rev. K. Eddy, Akron, O.
W. P. II The Kev. W. P. Hayuen, Porlland. Me.
I). Y. H The Kev. D. Y. Hkisi.kk, Mont Alto, Pa.
A. A. 11 Professor A. A. IIodok, D.D., of Princeton Theological Seminary.
(J. F. II Professor (i. F. Holmes, LI^D., of the University of Virginia.
D. P. K Professor D. P. Kiudkk, D.I)., late of the Drew Theological Seminary.
B. P The Kev. B. Pick, Ph.D., Rochester, N. Y.
M. R Professor M. Raymond, D.D., of the (Jarrett Biblical Institute.
A. J. S Professor A. .1. Sciiem. A.M., West Iloboken. X. .1.
K. R. S The Rev. R. R. Siiii-rEN, .Secretary of the American Unitarian Association, Boston, Mass.
\V. J. S The Rev. W. J. Sulky, Dayton, O.
L. E. S Professor L. E. Smith, D.D., of the IVatc/iman and Reflector, Boston, Mass.
J. L. S The Kev. J. L. Sooy, Glean, N. Y.
G. J. S Mr. G. J. Stevessox, A.M., London, Eng,
J. C. S The Rev. J. C. Stoc^kbkidge, D.D., Providence, R. I.
W. P. S The Rev. W. P. Stricki-and, D.D., N. X. city.
W. J. R. T. .. . The Rev. W. J. R. Taylor, D.D., Newark, N. J.
W. F. W President W. F. Warren, D.D., of the Boston University.
J. V.W Tlie late Rev. .T. P. Westeuvelt, Paterson, N. J.
D. W The Rev. D. Wise, D.D., Englewood, N. J.
LIST OF AYOOD-CUTS IN VOL X.
Subsellium Page
Agnun Dei on the Succinctorium. .
Washing before or after a Meal. . .
A Party at Dinner or Supper
Altar
Arab Repast
Antique Representations of Susan- na
Figure of Svantevit
The Swift
Purple Gallinule
Coins striicli to Commemorate Peace
Laracor Church
Ancient Egyptian Pigs. . .,
Ancient Persian Swords and Dag- gers
Ancient Egyptian Daggers
Ancient Assyrian Sword
Classical Swords and Daggers —
Modern Oriental Swords iiud Dag- geis
Sword Brother
Black Miilberry-tree
Black IMulberry Fruit, Leaf, and Blossom