IV. Contents. — The six Sedarim, or orders, of which the Mishua is composed are also found in the Talmud,
and the following is an analysis of the contents of each tractate of the si.K orders:
I. Cl'^riT mo, fieder Zeraim (Seeds). This Seder contains the following eleven tractates:
1. n3~i2, Dcrakoth, or the treatise of blessings, and speaks in nine chapters of the daily prayers and thanks- givings, etc.: a. "^ITO'^N'^ (so called from the first word of the chapter) treats of the time when the Shema is to be said in the morning and evening, of tlie position of the body at prayers, and the benedictions to be said respec- tively (5 sections), b. Xlip TiTI speaks of the sections and order of the Shema, of how the voice is to be used in saying the prayer, aud of tlie occasions which exempt from prayer (8 sections), c. 171^113 "^"O points out such as are exempted from prayer (6 sections), d. "inirn r.PEn treats of the time during which prayers may be said, whether the Shemoiieh Esreh (q. v.) are to be said in an abbreviated manner, of prayer as an o}>us opcratwn, of praying in dangerous places, and of the additional prayer (7 sections), e. ''^'^^^^V "pX refers to the outer and in- ner position at prayer; of prayer for rain; of the prayer on Sabbath evening ; of the minister of the congregation ; and mistakes in prayer (5 sections). /. "j^DT^'O 'l^J^D re- cites the difTerent blessings to be said for fruits of the tree and the earth, wine and bread; for wine before and after meals ; of the sitting and lying at the table ; of blessings for the main meals and water (S sections), g. "ibzX'IJ !T^5'i3 expatiates on blessings pronounced conjointly; with whom a union for such a purpose may be entered upon ; the form of prayer to be used in accordance with the number of per- sons, of different companies (5 sections), h. D^"!3'1 IPX "p3";3 shows the difierences between the schools of Hillel and Shammai concerning the washing of hands aud the blessing at meals (S sections), i. fiXlin names the prayer to be said at beholding signs and wonders, at the build- ing of a new house ; and treats of prayers offered in vain, of prayers at the leaving and going into a city ; of the praising of God for the good as well as for the evil ; how to approach the Temple mountain; of the nsiug of the name of God at salutations (5 sections).
2. nXS, Peak, or the corner of the field, treats, in eight chapters, of the field corners, gleanings, etc., to be left to the poor, etc. : a. C^~l2T ibx, of the measure of tlie Peah, where, of what, and how large it must be given, and how loui; the fruit is exempted from tithe (G sections). 6. ■pP^OS'O ibxi, how fields and trees as to the Peah may be separated from each other (S sections), c. ri133?'3, how large a field must be of which Peah must be given (8 sections), d. nXSH, how the Peah must be given (11 sections), e. ^''15, what belongs to the poor, and on the bunch left through forgetfnlness (S sections), .f. r"^3 "^X^U, what may "l)e regarded as a bunch left through forgetfuluess, and what not (U sections), g. TT^TSD, the same concerning olive-trees; on the right of the poor in the vineyard (8 sections), h. ^3 ina^X^a, how long the right of the poor lasts ; what constitutes the poor, aud who is not entitled to the right of the poor (9 sections).
3. '^X''2n, Dcmal, or donbtful, treats, in ."even chapters, of fruits about which some doubts may be rai:=ed whether tithes should be paid for them ornot, viz. a. "I'^Ppn, which fruits are exempted from the rights of Demai; how the De- mai tithe diff"ers from other tithes, and as to the riglits of Demai fruits (4 sections), b. "|''"n::"n'a CI^T 15X1, who may be regarded a strict Israelite, aud to whom the i)er- formanoe of the Demai law belongs at buying and selling. c. "pb'^2X'2, who may receive Demai for eating, and that nothing should be given away nntithed (6 sections), d. nplbn, how a man may be believed concerning the tithes (7 sections), e. "|13 nplPtl, how the tithe is to be given from Demai (11 sections). /. P^p'Sn, what to do at the renting of a figld, at the pressing in company, and of the fruits in Syria (12 sections), g. "p^T^an, how to act with such as are not believed concerning the tithes; how to separate the tithes in divers cases; and what must be taken into account when tithed aud nntithed fruits are mixed up (S sections).
TALMUD
176
TALMUD
4. CXbS, Kilaijim, or mixtures, treats, in nine chapters, of the [jiohibited iniu<;Hiig of IVuit and grain crops ou the same lield, etc., viz. a. C^UPin, which kiuds of fruits, trees, and animals are Kilayini, and liow to graft and plant (9 sections), b. SlXO ^D, what to do when two kinds of seed are mixed, or in case of sowing another kind on a lield al- ready sown, or in case of making beds of diflerent corn in one tield (It sections), c. HSn", of beds, their division ; of cabbage and its distance (7 sections), d and e. D"I3 and Pmp, of vineyards and their Kilayim (9 and 8 sec- tions). /. inT"^i<, of the rights of a vine raised on an espal- ier (9sections). g. "ii~i272n, of the layeringofviues, spread- ing of vines, etc. (S sections). /(. "^X3D, in how far Kilayim are forbidden among animals, in yoking together as well as in copulating, and what to do with bastards and some other animals (0 sections), i. H1DX "(""X, of Kilayim in garments, especially of the mixture of wool and flax; of clothing-merchants and tailors ; of felt and woven letters, etc. (10 sections).