TELEIOI
240
TEL-IIARSA
case tliP places mentioned alon^ with it in the passages cited stand in the order in wliich they wonld naturally be attacked hy a force invadinj; the territory from the cast, as would the Assyrians (Theniiis, Excget. Iland- bucli, ad loc.).— Kitto. JUiivernick's identification (Ezek. p. 470) with the T/i<il<itlin H^aXa^a) of I'tolemy (v, 20, 4) would place it too far south. The Jerusalem Targum (on Gen. xiv, 1) and the Syriac take it from El/a.fsiir (q. v.), in the territory of Artemitia (Ptolemy, vi, 17(5; Strabo, xvi. p. 744). Layard thinks {Ninere/i, i, 257) that it may be the present 7V/ AJh; or jierhaps A rhan (Xiii. (Hill Hub. p. 283), although no name like it is found there \ww.
Teleioi (rf'Xeiot or TtXiioviavoi, the perfect), a name of early Christians, which had relation to the sa- cred mysteries, and denoted such as had been initiated. Baptism was denominated TtXtTi); to join the Church was styled tX^fh' t-rri to rfXfioi', to atlnin to perfcctiun ; the participation of the eucharist, which followed im- mediately on baptism, was called riXiTi) teXitoji', per- JectioH of perfections ; and the absolution granted in the eucharist was called to TtXtiov, the jx-ifeclion of a Christian. The word is, however, used frequently in the New Test., not indeed in this sense, but in relation to Christian perfection.
Teleion. See Tei.i-:ioi,
Teleioteroi (TiXmoTspoi, more perfect); one of the different classes of catechumens among the ancients; the perfect ones, or the proficients, who were the imme- diate candidates for baptism.
Te'lem (Ileb. id. cb^, oppression [Gesenius; but FUrst,/)/((ce oflambs~\), the name of a town and also of a man.
1. ( Sept. TfXf // V. r. ^\nivrm ; Yulg. Telem. ) One of the cities which are described as "the uttermost of the tribe of Judah towards the coast of Edom south- ward" (Josh. XV, 24, where it is mentioned between the southern Ziph and Bealoth). It is not again mentioned except we regard it as identical with Telaim (q. v.) — a theory which seems highh' probable (Keland, Pulcest. p. 102!)). Telem is mentioned by Eusebius and Jerome as a cit\' of Judah, but thej' appear to have been igno- rant of its site ( Onomast. s. v. " Talem" ). The Sept. (Vat.) in Josh, xix, 7 adds the name BaXj^n, between Remmon and Ether, to the towns of Simeon. T his is said by Eusebius {Ononuixt.) and Jerome to have been then existing as a very large village called Thella, six- teen miles south of Eleutheropolis. The Sept. of 2 Sam. iii, 12, in both j\ISS., exhibits a singular variation from the Hebrew text. Instead of "on the spot" (1'^nnS^; A. V. incorrectly "on his behalf"), they read "to Thai- lam (or Thelam) where he was." If this variation i«hould be substantiated, there is some probability that Telem or Telaim is intended. David was at the time king, and (juartered in Hebron, but there is no reason to suppose that he had rclin(iuishcd his marauding hab- its; and the south country, where Telem lay, had for- merly been a favorite tield for his expeditions (1 Sam. xxvii, 8-11). The opinion of Wilton that a trace of the ancient Telem is found in the Arab tribe Dhiilldm, which gives its name to a district lying south-east of Beersheba, is not altogether improbable, especially as the Arabic and Hebrew words are cognate {The iXer/eb, p. 87; comp. IJobinson, UihI. Re.<t. ii, 102). Rabbi Schwarz ( I'lilenf. p. 100) thinks Telem was different from Telaim, and he states that there is still "a district south of Madura called Tiilum,'" doubtless referring to the above Ohullam. He also cites a reference from the Midrash (Koheleth,v, 10) to a certain Menahem Talmia, as if a resident of Telem. If a more precise location of the town be sought, it may perhaps be found in the " small site with foundations, called Siideiil,'" men- tioned by Dr. Kobinson as lying in the above region {Bihl. lies, i, 102), six miles south-east of Tel Arad. See TocnEN.
2. (Sept. TtXXi'ip V. r. TfX/;^ and TeX/u'ji'; Yulg. Telem). One of tiie Temple porters who renounced his (lentile wife after the Captivity (Ezra x, 24). B.C. 458.
Telemachus, an Asiatic monk and martyr who is justly renowned for the act of daring self-devotion by which he caused the gladiatorial combats at Rome to be abolished. In the year 404, in the midst of the spectacles of the amphitheatre, Telemachus rushed into the arena and tried to separate the gladiators. The spectators stonecl him to death, but the emjieror Hono- rius proclaimed him a martyr, and soon after abolished the gladiatorial combats. Some doubt has been thrown upon the story on account of the absence from theTheo- dosian Code of any edict by Constantine in existence, and no evidence can be produced to show that there were any gladiatorial tights after this period, although we know that the combats of wild beasts continued till the fall of the Western Empire. See Smith, Bict. of Bhiij. ami Mythol. s. v.
Teleology (reXoc, an end, and Xnyoc, discourse) is the doctrine or general philosophical discussion of the subject of causes. It may be ultimate, reaching to God, or proximate, contemplating the more immediate pur- pose. The word teleolorjy is applied to the argument from design in proof of the Deity. Also, when a nat- ural philosopher assigns the purpose or end of any nat- ural arrangement, as the oifensive or defensive weapons of an animal, he is said to give a teleological explana- tion. " Existences must be considered as standing in relation, not merely to causce efficientes (to their imme- diate causes), but also to causm finales ; indeed, the causm ejpcientes themselves must be conceived as moved by the causce fnaks, or, in other words, by the eternal rational ends meant to be subserved by created objects, which ends, although in one respect yet awaiting reali- zation in the future, must in another respect be sup- posed to be already operatice. We cannot fully under- stand realities unless w-e look forward to the results in- tended finally to be attained. Present actualities thus acquire a double significance and receive a double ex- planation. The whole of modern speculation has a teleological character" (JMartensen, Christ. Dogmat. p. 78 sq.).