Tenth Deal ("I'li'vaS', issaron, a tenth ; Sept. hh-a- t6v), the tenth part, a measure of things dry, specially for grain and meal (Exod. xxix, 40; Lev. xiv; Numb. XV, xxviii, xxix) ; more fully the tenth of an ephah (as the Sept. and A'ulg. explain at xv, 4), i. e. an onier, or about three and a half quarts (comp. Lev. v, 15 ; vi, 13; Numb. V, 15). See Mktro logy.
Tenths, in English law, are the tenth part of the yearly value of every spiritual benefice as it is valued in the Liber Begis. This was an impost formerly paid to the pope, and was annexed to the crown by the 26 Henry YIH, c. 3, and the 1 Elizabeth, c. 4 ; but by the 2 Ainie, c. 1 1, was granted, together with the first-fruits, towards the augmentation of poor clergymen. A tax
on the temporality, and also certain rents reserved by the king out of the monastic possessions he granted to his subjects, were also called tenths. Tenths of eccle- siastical benefices and lands were first paid in 1188 to- wards Henry IPs crusade. See Taxatio Ecclesiasti- ca; TEMi'OHALrriES of Bishops; Tithes.
Tentzel, Wiliielm Ernst, a German theologian, was born July 11, 1G59, at Greussen, in Thuringia. He became lecturer at the gymnasium at Gotha in 1G85, and was appointed in 1090 historiographer there, and died at Dresden, Nov. 24, 1707. In the theological depart- ment he is especially known by bis controversy with the Jesuit Schelstrate on the arciini (lisriplii)a (q. v.) : L)is- sertatio de Disciplina Arcuni (W'ittenb. 1083; also in his Exercitationes Selects (Leips. and Frankft. 1092), written against the A ntiquitas lUnsirata. Tentzel also published Exercitationes X de Hipnno Te Deum Lau- damus (ibid. 1092). Of great interest is also his his- torical narrative of the begiiming and first progress of Luther's Reformation, thus explaining Seckendorf's his- tory of Lutheranism, edited by Cyprian (ibid. 1718, 3 vols.) :• — De Proseuchis Samaritarum (Wittenb. 1682) : — Dissertatin de Ritu Lectionum Sacrarum (ibid. 1685). See Theol. Universal- Lexikon, s. v. ; Winer, Hundbnch der theol. Literatur, i, 609, 028, 738, 849, 854 ; ii, 799 ; Fa- bricius, Biblioth. Ecclesiast. (Hamburg, 1718), vol. i ; Ee- rjensburger Real-Encyklop. s. v. (B. P.)
Teo. See Antelope,
Teocalli (Aztec, tcotl, "ggd," and calli, "house"), a name given to the aboriginal temples, many remains of which are still in existence. Recent investigations have rendered it probable that many structures which, on Spanish authority, have been received as temples and palaces were in reality multiple houses. See John- son, Univers. Cyclop, s. v.
Teotl, the name for God among the ancient Blexi- cans. He is called " the Cause of causes" and " the Fa- ther of all things." He was identified with the sun- god, which, on this account, was designated the Teotl.
Tephillin. See Phylactery.
Te'rah (Heb. Te'rach, n^Fi, station [see also Ta- rah] ; Sept. Odppa, Qapa ; Joscphus, Bappog,Ant. i, 6, 5 ; Vulg. Thare), the father of Abram, Nahor, and Ha- ran, and through them the ancestor of the great fami- lies of the Israelites, Ishmaelites, INIidianites. Moabites, and Ammonites (Gen. xi, 24-32). B.C. 2293-2088. The account given of him in the Old-Test, narrative is very brief. We learn from it simply that he was an idola- ter ( Josh, xxiv, 2 ) ; that he dwelt beyond the Eu- phrates in Ur of the Chaldees ( Gen. xi, 28 ) ; that in the westerly migration which he undertook in his old age he went with his son Abram, his daughter-in- law Sarai, and his grandson Lot, " to go into the land of Canaan, and they came unto Haran and dwell there" (ver. 31); and, finally, that "the days of Terah were two hundred and five j'ears; and Terah died in Haran" (ver. 32). Taking the language of Abraham about Sa- rah being the daughter of his father but not of his mother (xx, 12) in its natural sense, Terah must have had children by more wives than one; but we have no particular account of his domestic relations in this re- spect.
In connection with this migration a chronological difficulty has arisen which may be noticed here. In the speech of Stephen (Acts vii, 4) it is said that the further journey of Abraham from Haran to the land of Canaan tlid not take place till after his father's death. Now as Terah was two hundred and five years old (the Samar. text and version make him one hundred and for- ty-five, and so avoid this difficulty) when he died, and Abram was seventy-five when he left Haran (Gen. xii, 4) it follows that, if the speech of Stephen be correct, at Abram's birth Terah must have been one hundred and thirty years old ; and therefore that the order of
TERAH
280
TERAPHIM
his sons— Abram, Nahor, Haran — given in Gen. xi. 20, 27 is not their order in point of ago. l^ord Aitlmr ller- vey savs ((•eneal. p. 82, 83), "Tlie (titliciih y is easily got over by sujiposing that Abram, though named first on account of liis dignity, was not the eldest son, but prob- ably the youngest of the three, born when his father was one hundred and thirty years old— a sujiposition with which the marriage of Xaluir with his elder broth- er Haran's daughter, Milcali, and the apparent nearness of age betwei'n Abram and Lot, and the three genera- tions from Xahor to Hebekali corresponding to only two, from Abraham to Isaac, are in perfect harmony." — Smith. See Aiusaham.