Tertiana, the term applied to the third part of all Church revenues in the Isle of Man, which third part was received by the bishops of that island. See Bing- ham, Christ. Antiq. bk. ix, ch. viii, § 6.
Tertiaries (Tektius Okdo de Pcenitentia; Ter-
TIAUII; FrATIIES CONV'EUSI: also SORORES Tertii Or-
DiNis) is the name given to the members of a union organized primarily in connection with the mendicant
TEIITIUS
288
TERTULLIAN
orilers, but subsequently connected also with other or- ders. Tliey are not required to live in the convent or unilery:o tlie three i)rinei|)al vows, and were ilesigned to retain tiieir |>lace in tlie world and represent the order in whose privileges they shared in the common walks of life. Their orii^in is traced back to Norbert, the founder of the Order of Tra-monstratenses. The Tem- plars, too, had a similar institution connected with their organization. Tiie actual introducticin of the Order of Tertiaries was due, however, to Francis of Assisi, and dates back to V221, the occasion for its creation being the effect produced by his preaching at Carnario, where men and women in great numbers dissolved the matri- monial relation in order to give themselves to repent- ance. All virtuous and orthodox persons were received into the order. The rule forbade participation in fes- tivities, disputes, and otTensive wars, anil reipiired works of charity, diligent religious exercises, an annual con- vocation for penance, and masses for the souls of the Tertiaries, living or dead. The order was governed by .superiors periodically chosen. Its costume was to be of inferior stuff, neither wholly white nor black, and without ornament — an ash-colored coat and ro|)e being finallv chosen, over which ordinary secular clothing is permitted to be worn. The female tertiaries adopted a similar rule and costume, witli the occasional addition of a white veil. The rule was confirmed by popes Ho- norius III, (Jregory IX, and Niciiolas IV. The order grew rapidly, and found favor in the highest circles, having lunnbered among its members the emiieror Charles lY, kings Louis of France, Bela of Hungary, and Fliilip of Spain, queen Blanca of Castile, princess Ainia of Austria, etc.
Towards the close of the 13th century a branch order was establislied among the male, and a century later among the female, Tertiaries to satisfy the craving of some for a stricter rule — the Regulated Oi'der of Tertia- ries (Teitiiirii Reytdares). After a rapi<i extension, this secondary order separated into different congregations, which, in substance, followed the Franciscan ride. The latter, in turn, gave rise to a series of congregations of Hospital Brothers and Sisters. They take the simple vows, and an additional one which binds them to care for the sick, and to live in hospitals or unions known as "families" and amenable to the bishops.
Tradition credits Dominic with the founding of an order of Tertiaries, male and female. An association of Hollies and knights w'as formed by him, after the con- version of the Albigenses, to recover the alienated prop- erty of the Church and convents. They were accord- ingly styled Milites de Militia Christi. Their vow bound them to that work, to diligent attendance on public worship, etc., and to the wearing of a garb of ashy hue. Their wives were pledged to promote the objects of the order, and were not allowed to marry again af.er becoming widows. In the middle of the 13th century this association became an order of peni- tents, assumed the Dominican rule, and was placed un- der the Dominican general, receiving the title of-' Broth- ers and Sisters of the Penance of St. Dominic." Other orders, e. g. the Augustines, Jlinims, Servites, Trapjiists, etc., subse(iuently organized associations of Tertiaries. See Musson, J'nif/mtit. Gescfi. d. vornehmM. Munchsor- den. etc, (Paris, 1751 sq.). — Hcrzog, Real-luin/khp. s. v.
Ter'tius (Te^jnoc, Graecized from the Lat. tertiiis, third; Vulg. Tertius) was the amanuensis of Paul in writing the Eiiistle to the Romans (xvi, '22). A.D. oo. He was at Corinth, therefore, and Cenclirea?, the port of Corinth, at the time when the apostle wmte to the Cluirch at Rome. It is noticeable that Tertius inter- cepts the message which Paul sends to the Roman Christians, and inserts a greeting of his own in the first person singular {atrnaZi)iica tyw TiprioQ). Both that circumstance and the frequency of the name among the Romans may indicate that Tertius was a Roman, and was known to those whom Paul salutes at the close of the letter. Sccundus (Acts xx, 4) is another instance
of the familiar usage of the Latin ordinals employed as projjcr names. The idle pedantry (indulged in by Bur- m&wn, Kxerdt. Thcvl. ii. 101 sij. ) which would make him and Silas the same person because tertius and i^""'Vj mean the same in Latin and Hebrew, hardly deserves to be mentioned (see Wolf, Cui-tn J'/iilokx/ica, iii, 295 ) ; and equally idle is Roloff^s conjecture ( I)e, Trib. Niimin. Pauli [Jen. 1731]) and Storck's {Exercit. de Tertio, in the Fortges. niitzl. Sdmitil, p. 23) that Ter- tius is but a pseudonym for Paul himself. In regard to the ancient practice of writing letters from diciation, see Becker's ddliis, p. l.SO. No credit is due to the writers who speak of him as bishop of Iconium (see Fa- bricius, Lux Evamjelica, p. 117). — Smith. See also Briegleb, De Tertio (Jen. 1754); F^ckhard, De Signn J'duli ( Viteb. 1687) ; Hertzog, De Suhscriptionihus Pauli (Lips. 1703). See Paul.