Thym, Johann Frieorich Wiliielji, a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born in Berlin, Sept, 5, 1768. and died there May 21, 1803. He wrote, De Vita Mosis a Philone Conscripta (Halle, 1796): — Versuch einer hi- storisch-kritischen Darstellung der jud. Lehre von einer Fortdauer nach dem Tode (Berlin, 1795) : — Theol. Ency- klop. u. Meihodoloffie (Halle, 1797) : — Historisch-kri- tisches Lehrbuch der Homiletik (ibid. 1800). See Furst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 430 ; Winer, Ilandbuch der theol. Literatur, i, 2, 474, 604; ii, 48, 59, 312, 802. (B. P.)
Thyrori (Qvptopol, door-keepiers'), a lower order of the clergy in the Greek Church, which was done away with from the time of the Council of TruUo, A.D. 692. — Bingham, Christ. A ntiq. bk. iii, ch. vi, § 1.
Thysiasterium (Gr. Qvfftacrrfjpioi', alta7--pa7-t'), a word usually applied to the altar itself, or the Lord's ta- ble ; yet, in some ancient canons, used to denote the whole sanctuary within the rails, where none but the clergv were allowed. — Bingham, Christ. Antiq. bk. viii, ch. v'i, § 3.
Tiamat was, in Acadian mythology, the goddess who presided over the creation. She was a form, or rather another name, of the goddess Tihamtu (the Sea).
Tiara, the name of the pope's triple crown, which is the badge of his civil rank as the keys are of his eccle-
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Tiara.
siastical functions. It is composed of a high cap of gohl cloth, encircled by three coronets, with a mound (and cross) of gold on the top. Tlie tiara was originally a round high cap, and was first used by pope Damasus II, A.D. 1048. Pope John XIII first girded it witii a crown ; pope Boni- face VIII added a sec- ond crown in 1295 ; and pope Benedict XIII added the third in 1335, although some ascribe the latter to Urban V (13G2-70). The tiara, when used as an im- perial portion of dross, had at the bottom of it one golden circle of a crown -like shape. See Pope.
Tibe'rias (New Test, and Josephus Ti(3epiac, Tal- mud N^~i3i:), the most important city on the Lake of Galilee in the time of Christ. (The following account of it is chiefly based upon that given in Smith's Diet, of the Bible.)
1. Origin and Early Associations. — The place is first mentioned in the New Test. (John vi, 1, 23, xxi, 1), and then by Josephus {Ant. xviii, 2, 3; War, ii, 9, 1), who states that it was built by Herod Antipas, and was named by him in honor of the emperor Tiberius. It was probably not a new town, but a restored or enlarged one merely; for Rahkath (Josh, xix, 35), which is said in the Talmud (.Jerusalem Megillah, fol. 701 ; comp. Otho, Lex. Ruhb. p. 755) to have occupied the same position, laj' in the tribe of Naphtali (if we follow the bounda- ries as indicated by the clearest passages), and Tiberias appears to have been within the limits of the same tribe (Matt, iv, 13). If the graves mentioned by Jose- phus {Ant. loc. cit.) are any objection, they must mili- tate against this assumption likewise (Lightfoot, Cho- rog. Cent. c. 72-74). The same remark may be made respecting Jerome's statement that Tiberias succeeded to the place of the earlier Chinnereth {Onomasticon, s. v.) ; but this latter town has been located by some farther north and by others farther south than the site of Ti- berias, The tenacitj' with which its Roman name has adhered to the spot (see below) indicates its entire re- construction ; for, generally speaking, foreign names in the East applied to towns previouslj' known under names derived from the native dialect — as, e. g., Epiphania for Hammath (Josh, xix, 35), Palmyra for Tadmor (2 Chron. viii, 4), Ptolemais for Akko (Acts xxi, 7) — lost their foothold as soon as the foreign power passed away which had imposed them, and gave place again to the original appellations.
Tiberias was the capital of Galilee from the time of its origin until the reign of Herod Agrippa II, who changed the seat of power back again to Sepphoris, where it had been before the founding of the new city. Many of the inhabitants were Greeks and Komans, and foreign customs prevailed there to such an extent as to give offence to the stricter Jews. See Herodian. Herod, the foinidcr of Tiberias, had passed most of his early life in Italy, and had brought with him thence a taste for the amusements and magnificent buildings with which he ha<l been familiar in that country. He built a stailium there, like that in which the Roman youth trained themselves for feats of rivalry and war. He erected a palace, which he adorned with figures of animals, "contrary," as Josephus says {Life, § 12, 13, 64). " to the law of our countrymen." The place was so much the less attractive to the Jews, because, as the
same authority states {Ant. xviii, 2, 3), it stood on the site of an ancient burial-ground, and was viewed, there- fore, by the more scrupulous among them almost as a polluted and forbidden locality. Tiberias was one of the four cities which Nero added to the kingdom of Agrippa (.losephus, M «r, xx, 13, 2). Coins of the city of Tiberias are still extant, which are referred to the limes of Tiberius, Trajan, and Hadrian,