1673). It adds to the three solemn vows of Augustine a fourth, which requires tiie instruction of female youth. The garb consists of gray skirt, black robe, leathern girdle with iron buckle, black cloak without sleeves, a head -cloth with short white veil, and a large black thin veil over all. The French congregations origi- nated the Ursuline order in Germany. In the time of its greatest extension the order consisted of about twen- ty loosely connected congregations, having, perhaps, 350 convents and 15,000 to 20,000 nuns, the maximum number of inmates being 60 nuns and 20 laj'-sisters to a convent. The Ursulines are distinguished by a con- scientious performance of the obligation to instruct the young. In Italy and Switzerland the conr/reyuted or non-regulated Ursulines comjiose the body of the order, and they observe a more ascetical rule than the regu- lated nuns. They devote eight days annually to the s])iritual exercises prescribed by Loyola, teach young girls daily, catechise adults on Sunday, visit the sick, dispense alms, and hold conferences every Friday. Their novitiate extends over three j-ears. The differ- ent houses are al- most everywhere un- der the direction of the diocesan bishops. See Les Chroniquis de rOrdre des Ursu- lines ( Paris, 1676 1, vol. ii ; Journal dts Ilhistr. Reliyeiises de VOrdre de S. Urs. iv, 1690; Mayer, T/- sul. - Orden ( Wiirz- burg, 1692); Helyof, Geschichte aller Kl«- sier- II. Rittei--Orde». iv, 178 sq. ; Crnme, Gesch. d. ]SIdrirh.<- Orden, ch. iv. — Her- zog, Real- Eticyldoj>. s. V. The first LTrsu- line colony in Amer- ica was founded by Marie Guyart ai Quebec in 1639; an there are now con- vents of this order also at Trois Rivi- feres and Chatham, in Canada; and in the United States at IMorrisania, N. Y. ; at Cleveland, Toledo, and Fay- etteville, O. ; at Springfield and Alton. III.; at Colum- bia, Savannah, and Augusta, Ga. ; at New Orleans, San Antonio, Galveston, Louisville, and St. Louis. But they have ceased to exist in Italy, Switzerland, and Germany since 1871. See Appletons' Cyclop, s. v.
Urued, a title of the god Bilyi in Chaldaean my- thology, signifying " protector of the house." See Le- normant, Cliald. Mayic,\>. 186.
Uiuker, in Chaldiean mythology, was the name of a wicked dtemon, " enormous" and "multifold." See Lenorraant, Ckuld. Mayic, p. 3, 10.
Uru Sukhar, in Chaktean mythology, was a title of the god Jiiiyi, signifying "protector of the family." See Lenormant, Cliald. Mayic, p. 186.
Urwick, W'li.i.iAM, D.D., an Irish Congregational minister, was liorn at Shrewsbury, Dec. 8, 1791. He graduated at Hoxton College, and settled at Sligo; be- came interested in important discussions with the Ro- man Catholic divines, and by the brilliancy of liis ar- guments and the overpowering force of his mind won for himself a place among the foremost defenders of the Gospel of Christ. In 1826 Dr. L'rwick accepted the pastorate of York Street (jhapel, Dublin, and during the long period of his public ministry was recognised as an able advocate of the religion of Christ. He was intimately associated with the Irish Evangelical Socie-
Ursuline of Trois Rivieres, Canada.
USAGERS
683
USQUE
ty, Home IMission, and the Evangelical Alliance. He died July 19, 18G8. See (Lond.) Con(j. Yeur-huok, 18G9, p. 285.
Usagers and Collegers, two parties existing in the Church of Scotland in the reigns of George I and George 11. As the bishops who had been ejected from their sees during the Revolution were gradually re- moved by death, others were consecrated in their stead, without diocesan authority, to preserve the apostolic succession until the former condition of affairs should be restored. On the death of bishop Rose of Edinburgh, in 1720, the last of the old diocesan prelates, it was pro- posed that the Church should henceforth be governed by a college of bishops. The proposal was supported by the lay party and opposed by the clergy. Another cause of division arose in view of the fact that some of the diocesan party favored the adoption of certain usages into the Church of Scotland which had been lately revived in England, viz. — •(!) mixing water with the wine; (2) commemorating the faithful departed; (3) the invocati(tn in the prayer of consecration ; (4) oblation before administration. Bishop Gadderar, one of the defenders of the usages, being subsequently chosen bishop of Aberdeen, the party opposed to the college system became identified with the usages. Hence the terms Usagers and Collegers. See Blunt, Diet, of Sects, s. v.
Use, the form of external worship peculiar to any Church ; also the ritual of a Church or diocese arranged by authority and generally followed. In England each bishop formerly had the power of making some im- provements in the liturgy of his Church; in process of time different customs arose which were so distinct as to receive the name of " uses." We thus have the uses of Sarum, Bangor, York, Hereford, Durham, Lin- coln. The Use of Sarum became the most general. All were practically abolished in the IGth century. See Hook, Church Diet. s. v.
Ushas, in Hindu mytholog}', is one of the female deities of the Vedas — the Dawn. She is represented as possessing verj' pleasing attributes, such as the bring- er of opulence, the giver of food, endowed with intel- lect, truthful, and the like. See Chambers's Unct/clo]). s. V.