ishments decreed by Roman emperors against Donatists, Mauichieans, and other heretics. After Hunneric'.sdeath, in 48G, a temporary lull took place in the fever of perse- cutions, which coutiiuied as long as his successor, Gun- danunid, occupied the throne; but when Thrasimuud be- came king, Sept. 24, 49(5, the troubles of the Catholics began afresh. Among the sufferers at this time was Fulgentius of Kiispe (q. v.). Upon Thrasimuud followed tlie more tolerant Hilderic, May 26, 5"23; and upon him, in 631, the usurper (ielimer, uncle to Genseric. The wealth of the Vandals and the enervating climate of their home had in the meantime destroyed their robust character; they had also been defeated in several con- flicts with the Mauritauians; and were disunited among themselves. Under these circumstances, the ambitious emperor Justinian despatched an army under Belisarius to the support of the Catholic Church in Africa, which defeated the Vandal forces in 534, made a prisoner of Gelimer, and so completely destroyed the nation that its very name was lost. The Synod of Carthage follow- ed, in which measures were taken with reference to the Arian bishops and persons whom thev had baptized; and which petitioned the emperor for the return of ec- clesiastical property alienated from the Church during the persecutions.
See Procopius, De Hello Vandalico ; Prosper, Chroni- con ; Idatius, Chronicon ; Victor. Episc. Vitensis, Hist. Persecut. Afric. in Ruinart, nist.Persecut. Vandal. (Par. 1694; Venet. 1732, 4to); Salvian, Be Gubern. Dei Lib. VII ; Possidon, Vita S. Aiii/Uittini; Vita <S'. Fulrjenfii; Krantz, Wandalia Lib. I (Frankf. 1580, fol.); Gibbon, Decline and Fall; Mannert, Gesck. d. Vandalen (Leips. 1785 ) ; Papencordt, Gesch. d, vandal. Hen-schaft in Afrika (Berlin. 1837) ; Zeuss, Die Deutschen v. d. Nach- barstdmine (Munich, 1837); Schrockh, Kirchenr/esch. xviii, 89-121; Gieseler, Kirchengesch. ; Smith, Ljict. of Gr. and Rom. Geoff, s. v. ; Herzog, Real-Encyklop. s. v.
Vaiidercook, Jackson C, A.M.,a Blethodist Epis- copal minister, was born in Lyons, N. Y., Aug. 3, 1814. He joined the Church in 1833; united with the Black River Conference in 1848; and successively served the foOowing appointments : South Canton, Fort Covington, Gouverneur, Oswego, Fairfield, Geddes, Fulton, Oswego a second time, Adams, and a second time Geddes. He died at his residence in Fulton, May 27, 1866. Mr. Van- dercook possessed a vigorous and logical mind, was well versed in logic and mental and moral science; had a rare power of generalization ; and was independent, energet- ic, and faithful. See Minutes of Annual Conferences, 1807, p. 122.
Vaiiderlinde, Benjamin, a Reformed (Dutch) minister, was born near Hackensack, N. J., in 1719, and was tlie first person educated and licensed in this coun- try by the Coetus to preach the (iospel as a minister of the Dutch Reformed Church in America. This occur- red in 1747, and was the occasion of much previous hes- itation and subsequent conflict. The advocates of a learned ministry treated it as a dangerous innovation, a beginning of revolutionary proceedings, and of defection from the mother Church in Holland. His examination was sustained, and he was afterwards ordained and in- stalled over the Church at Paramus, N. J., of which he remained the acceptable pastor for forty-one years — 1748 to 1789. He preached also at a place called Ponds; and two new churches, Ramapo and Saddle River, were organized d\iring his ministry. His wife was a niece of general Schuyler, the Revolutionary patriot. He died in 1789. See Corwin, Manual of the Rformed Church in America, p. 500. (W. J. R. T.)
Vanderlip, Elias, a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in 1708. He joined the Church in New York city when but a young man ; labored many years as a local preacher; and in 1802 was admitted into the trav- elling connection in the Troy Conference, and was ap- pointed to Pittsfield Circuit. In 1800 Mr. Vanderlip located in Albany; the following year he travelled Ul-
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ster Circuit; but poverty again obliged him to locate in 1808 and go into business. In 1838 he again unitetl with the Troy Conference, and was appointed to .loluis- town Circuit. In 1840 he was superannuated, and died Sept. i), 1818. IMr. Vanderlip was deeply pious, very zealous, ami a preacher of considerable ability. See Miiiiitcx of Annudl Conjerciwei^, 1849, p. 310.
Vandernieuleu, Coknklius, a minister of the I!e- formed (Dutch) Church, born at Mindelluimis, Nether- lauds, Dec. 15. 1800. He joined the Chrktelijke A/t/e- sckiedene Kerk in XakrUiml, a boily which had separat- ed from the National Church. lie preaclied at IVIindel- hamis, Rotterdam, and Goos from 183!) to 1847, when, owing to the persecutions sutt'ered by his Church, he emigrated with a large part of his congregation to Hol- land, Ottawa Co., Mich., and founded the flonrisliing village of Zeeland, where he preached from 1847 to 185!). He was pastor of the First Church, Chicago, from 185!) to 1861; Second Church, (irand Kajjiils, ^lich., from 1861 to 1873. He died Aug. 23, 1876. See Corwin, Manual of the Rifornied Church in America, s. v.
Van der Schuur, K., a minister of the Reformed (Dutch) Church, was bdrii at INlidwolda, Netherlands, April 17, 1803. He studied under tiie Rev. Mr. Kok, and was licensed and ordained by the Church of the Separated in 1840; preached at Iloogeveen from 1840 to 1848; emigrated to JMichigan in 1848; preached at (Jraafschap from 1848 to 1850, and at Oostburg, Wis., from 1850 to 1866. On removing to the West, he en- tered upon his labors in the new country, and shared in all the hardships of Western pioneer life. He died Nov. 17, 1876. See Corwin, Manual of the Ref. Church in America, s. v.