Veron, Francois, a French controversialist, was born in Paris about 1575, of an honorable family. In 1595 he was admitted to the Order of the .Jesuits, and applied himself to studies in opposition to the Reforma- tion, and he spent his life in public debates and writings on that side. He died at Charenton, near Paris, Dec. 6, 1049. For his works, see Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Ge- nerale, s. v.
Verona, Council of (Concilium Vey-otiese), Ve- rona is a fortified city of Italy, capital of the province of the same name, on the Adige, twenty-two miles N.N.E. of JMantua. An ecclesiastical council was held here on Aug. 1, 1184, for the purpose of reconciling those who had been ordained by the anfipopes. Pope Lucius HI published a constitution against the heretics in the jiresence of the emperor Frederick. The obje<t was to repress the fury of the Cathari, Paterini, and the other heretics of that period. In this council, we per- ceive the commencement of the system of inquisition, since the bishops are ordered, by means of commissaries, to inform themselves of persons suspected of heresy, whether by common report or private information. A
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distinction is drawn between the suspected and con- victed, the penitent and rehipsed, and different des^rees of punishment are accordingly awarded. Alter all the spiritual penalties of the Church have been employed in vain, it is ordered that the offenders be given up to the secular arm, in order that temporal punishments may be indicted. See Mansi. Concil. x, 17o7, 1741. — Landon, Manual of Councils, p. (577.
Verona, Fra Giovanni da, an Italian monk, was born at Oliveto in 1496. He became celebrated fur his decorations of the choirs and sacristies with inlaid work of wood. He practiced the art in various cities of Italy, including Kome, where he was employed by pope Julius II. At first woods of different colors were used, and large editices, colonnades, and architectural views were represented. The art was afterwards im- proved by employing artihciallj' stained as well as nat- ural wood, and by adding figures. Verona died in 1537. See Spooner, h'ii}//, I/isf. tif the Fine A rts, s. v.
Verona, Jacopo da, an Italian painter of the 14th century, was born at Verona. He is oidy known by his numerous frescos in the Church of San Michele, at I'adua, some of which still remain entire. See Spooner, Jiiuf/. Hist, of the Fine Arts, s, v.
Verona, Maffeo da, an Italian painter, was born at Verona in 1570. He studied under Luigi Benfatto, but copied the works and adopted the style of Paul Veronese. Besides painting several works for the churches of his native city and for the Cathedral of Udine, he executed many works for the churches of Venice, among which may be named two altar-pieces, represMiting the Descent from the Cross and the Res- urrection, in the Church of San Marco, and Christ Bear- ing the Cross and the Crucifixion, in the Chapel of St. Isidore in the same church. He died in 1(518, See Spooner, Biofj. Hist, oj the Fine A rts, s. v.
Veronese, Agostino. See Turchi.
Veronese, Paul. See Paolo Veronese.
Veronica, St. (also Bei-enlce, Beronice, and Vere- n'lce), is described by tradition to have been a pious woman of Jerusalem, who was moved with pity on be- liolding the bloody and perspiring face of our Lord when on the way to crucifixion, and manifested lier sympathy by giving him her head-cloth to wipe off the perspiration. In response to her kindness, the Saviour imprinted his features, all distorted as they were with pain and suffering, on the cloth, and gave it back to her for a memorial and token of his love. This is declared to be the origin of one of the oldest of tliose representa- tions of Clirist's features which are said to have not been made with hands (tiKovEC axapoTroiijToi SreiiTtvK- TOi), and which have given rise to the Clirists of Cor- reggio and other famous painters of the Middle Ages, and also to the class of hymns which are addressed to the head of Jesus, e. g. the very ancient sequence Salre Sacra Fades, St, Bernard's Salre Caput Cruentatum, Paul Gerhard's 0 Haiipt roll Bltit und Wunden, etc.
Various modifications of the legend are: 1. Veronica (or rather Hepoj'i/c/;) was the woman who had the issue of blood and was healed by touching the hem of Christ's garment (Matt, ix, '20 sq.). She is said by Eusebiiis (//. F. vii, 17 S(i.) to have subsequently erected a statue to Jesus in her native town of Paneas, in Syro-Phoeni- cia. This is the statement of John Malala, about A.D. 6U0, in his Chronographia, p. 305. 2. Veronica was a niece of Herod the (ireat by Salome — an evident con- founding (pf Berenice, the mother of Herodius and grandiniitlier of Salome, with Veronica. 3. Veronica died as a martyr at Antioch, in company with fifty oth- er virgins (IJetle and others), 4. Veronica was beloved of Amatus, who was described as " famulus S. Virginis Marise et Josephi, et Dominns bajalus ac nutritius." Amatus accompanied her in later years to KiSne, and thence in the train of St. Martial to Gaul, where he led a holv life in imitation of the hermits of Mount Carmel,
St. Veronira. (From a sculpture by Andrea Sncchi in the chapel of the saint in St. Peter's at Rome.)