and the number of verses in the entire Pentateuch is 5245 [5845?]. . . . The number of verses in the Psalms is 2527, the sign "TINS; the middle verse, 'Neverthe- less the}' riattered thee with their mouth' (Ixxviii, 3<3) ; the number of sidarim nineteen, and the number of psalms 150." The Venice edition of Ben-Chaijiin, from which these divisions are taken, omits them in Chroni- cles, but they are supplied by two MSS. In the Penta- teuch the number of verses in the greater sections, or those marked by ESS and D D O, is also indicated at the end of each section, thus : " Bereshith has 146 verses, sign rr^Ii^S; Noah has 153 verses, etc. The entire number of verses is 23,200." Before the Concordance of rabbi Nathan, in the 15th century, the Jews made their references by citing in the Pentateuch the first two words of the Sabbath lessons, making no use of the shorter sidat-im, or of the open or shut parash- es. Of these, which are confined to the Pentateuch, there are 290 open and 379 shut. Of the larger parashes, or Sabbath lessons, Genesis contains twelve; Exodus eleven ; Leviticus, Niniibers, and Deuteronomy ten each. Of the lesser sidarim Genesis contains forty- two, etc. These always commence in the Pentateuch with an open or closed section. From the time of car- dinal Hugo's CuiKordunce citations began to be made by chapter and letter. All MSS. of the Vulg. after this period began to be thus marked, and we find Nicholas de Lyra in the 14th century frequently citing them in this manner. The citation of chapter and verse was a Jewish improvement of the succeeding century. See Scriptures, Holy.
The ancient Greek MSS. which have descended to our times also contain a division into short sentences, which have been sometimes called crixoi and verses. They are regulated by the sense, anil each constitutes a full period. They are frequently double or treble the length of the verses in our present New Test., although sometimes they are identical with them. The Alex- andrian, Vatican, Cambridge, Dublin, and other ancient MSS., all contain similar divisions. The following is from the Cod. Ephremi (I Tim. iii, 12-1(5) :
AtaKovot earuiaav ^la^ ')vvatii.a^ avo^ei' T€Ki/a}i' KaAoj? TrpotCTd- ^evot Kat Tttiv tbiuiv oimtav ' o'l 7ap Ka.\a)9 ^iaKoniffafTe? * /3u- ^}j.ov traVTOts; Ka\(>v ire^mroiovvTat' Kat iroWtjv nupfitiatuv tv ■niUTti Til ev Xu). If'
TavTa crot jfja<pu) e^ni^uiv eXieiv irpo9 ere €» raxet' eav 6e /3)]<xdvi(i>' iva <:i6ii? TTcoc dei tv uiKW ieov ixvaaTije(fjta^ai' tin? euTii/ tKii\r]<rta ituu I^idvtos' a-v\oi Kat tdfiaiiDfia Tfis u\i)- S-titir'
Kat 6fio\oyoviJ.evoi<: ^leya ea-ni> to mf ei'tre/Jeiu? nvaToptov' o? [?] ec^ai/epw^M ei- aapat' eSiKaiuiSei/ irw' ui<j)5tn a77e\on ' tKnpvx,ii] tv eSieuii'' einaTtv^n ev Koafiw' avi\t\iJ.<l>^yi m
II. Ill the Printed Bibles. — 1. In these the numerical notation is generally attributed to Robert Stephen, or Stephens ( Elienm ). The origin is, notwith- standing, involved in obscurity. Even those who at- tribute the invention to Stephens are not agreed as to the date. " We are assured," observes Calmet {Pre/, to the Bible), "that it is Robert Stephens who, in his edition of 1545, divided the text by verses, numbered as at present." This division passed from the Latins to the Greeks and Hebrews. "Robert Stephens," says Du Pin (Prolef/.),"\\as the first who followed the Ma- sorites in his edition of the Vulgate in 1545." " Verses," says Simon (Hist. Critique), and after him Jahn (In- ^/W.)," were first introduced into the Vidgate and mark- ed with figures by Robert Stephens in 1548." Morinus (Exercii. BibL), who is followed by Prideaux (Connec- tion), attributes the verses to Vatabhis, without naming a date, while Chevillier (llist.de Clmprimerie) and Mait- taire (f/istoria Stephaiwrum) assert that Stephens di- vided the chapters into verses, placing a figure at each verse, in the New Test, in 1651, and in the Old in 1557. Chevillier adds that James Faber of Estaples had intro- duced the practice in his edition of the Psalms printed in 1509 by Henry, father of Robert Stephens; and he is followed by Renouard (Annuks de^ Etlenne [Paris,
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