Wagner, Johann Jakob, a German philosopher, was born at LHm in 1775, ami became professor at Wlirz- burg. He died Nov. 23, 1841. His principal works are, Philnsophie der Erziehungskunst (1802) : — Von der Na- iur der Binge (1803): — System der Idetilpliilosophie (1804) : — GruHilriss der St/iatswisseiischciJ't iiud I'ulitik (1805) : — Religion, Wisseiischqft, Kunst u. Staul in ihren gegenseitigen Verhdltnissen ( Leips. 1819): — Theodicee (Bamberg and Wiirzburg, 1809): — Ideen zu einer ullge- nieinen Mythol. der alien Welt (Frankf. 1808): — Math. Philosophie (1811): — Organon der nienschlichen Er- kenntniss (1830): — and Nachgelassene Schriften (1853). See Rabus, J. ./. Wagner's Leben, Lehre, und Bedeutung, etc. (Nuremburg, 1862); Adam and KiiUe, J. J. Wag- ner''s Lebensnachrichten und Brief e (1848).
Wagner, Joseph, a Swiss engraver, was born at Thalendorf, on Lake Constance, in 1706. He first stud- ied painting, at Venice, under .Jacopo Amiconi, who ad- vised him to devote himself to engraving. He then went to Paris, where he studied under Lawrence Cars. He also visited London in 1733, where he resided some time, and engraved several plates. He afterwards re- turned to Venice, where he established himself as an engraver, and carried on a trade in prints. He died at Venice in 1780. Among his best works are the follow- ing: The Education of the Virgin, aWer \m\ccim: — The Infant Christ Sleeping, after the same : — The Hob/ Fam- ily, after Paul Veronese : — The Inter view between Jacob and Rachel, after L. (iiordano: — Rebecca Receiring the Presents from Eleazar, aher the same: — The Death of Abel, after Benedetto Luti : — Mary Magdalene in the House of the Pharisee, after the same : — The Virgin and Infant Christ, after Solimena: — The Assumption of the Virgin, after Piazzetta: — and St. John in the Desert, after C. Vanloo. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, s. V.
Wagner, Tobias, a noted German theologian, was born at Heidenheim, in Wiirtemberg, Feb. 21, 1598. He pursued his stuilies at the convent of Maulbronn, and afterwards at the LTniversity of Tubingen, talcing the degree of master of arts in 1618. He was made deacon in 1624, and eight years later pastor at Essling- en. His profound learning caused him to be invited to Ttibingen, in charge of the magistracy; and in 1653 he was made professor of theology, in 1656 vice-chan- cellur, and chaiicellur in 1662. He died Aug. 12, 16S0,
leaving a large number of theological works, important in their day, for which see Biog. Universelle, s. v.
Wagnitz, Hkiniucii BAi/niASAR, a Protestant the- ologian of (icrmany, was born Sept. 8, 1755. In 1777 he was appointed fourth preacher at St. Mary's, in Halle ; in 1786 he was made deacon there; and in 1809, pro- fessor of theology and superintendent and pastor. He died Feb. 28, 1838. He wrote, Memorahilien den Predi- gern des 19. Jahi-hunderts gewidniet (Halle, 1802-6, 2 vols.): — Homiletische Abhandlungen und Kritiken (ibid. 1783-85, 2 vols.) ■.—Liturgiiches Jom-nal (ibid. 1801-9, 1812, 8 vols.) : — Religionslehren in Beispielen (ibid. 1799, 1800, and often, 2 vols.) : — Ueber die Phdnomena ror der Zersturnng Jerusalems (ibid. 1780). See Flirst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 490; Ziichold, Bibl. Theol. ii, 1410; Winer, Ifandbuch der theol. Lit. i, 6; ii, 35, 36, 37, 58, 63, 161, 282, 362, 389, 398. (B. P.)
Wagnoff, in Norse mythology, was the god of war among the Danes, who often was mistaken for Fro or Odin, and was represented as similar to these, armed with helmet, shield, and sword.
Wagon (n^rc;. agaldh [Gen. xlv, 19, 21, 27; xlvi. 5 ; Numb, vii, 3, 6, 7, 8 ; elsewhere " cart"], from bji", to roll ; or ns"!, rekeb [ Ezek. xxiii, 24 ; elsewhere "chariot"], from 25"l, 'o ride). Among the Israelites in Palestine, we find in use from the time of the judges transport-wagons (1 Sam. vi, 7 sq. ; 2 Sam. vi, 3 ; Amos ii, 13), as well as vehicles for persons, especially princely carriages (1 Sam. viii, 11; 2 Sam. xv, 1; comp. Isa. xxii, 18), for journeys (1 Kings xii, 18; xxii, 35; 2 Kings ix, 27). The former, or caiis, were called ri>53' (used for familv transportation in the case of masses, Gen. xlv, 19, like the Greek lipa^a and the Latin plaustruni), while those with seats (2 Kings x, 15) were designated as T^'^Zli'^'O, chariots ; and both eventually ^i"! simply. The ZJ£ ^^"55" of Numb, vii, 3 were probably (so Onkelos, Aqinla, the Vulg., etc.), as in the A. v., " covered wagons," in which the sacred utensils were carried (Sept. llpa^ai Xaf^nn]i'iKai, vehicula tecfa; see Schleusner, Thesaur. Philol. iii, 432). See Littkk. A travelling carriage is also mentioned in the New Test. ( <</taS«, Acts viii, 28 sq. ). All these vehicles, whose construction we cannot particularly make out (see the Mishna \_Chelim, xiv, 4], which mentions tliree kinds of wagon [ibid, xxiv, 2]) — except that the wheels gener- ally were called n"'2EnN or D"'i'?bil, the hubs ni"l^Trn, the felloes D"'3Si or ri35, and the axle "!"', while the gearing-np of the horses was denoted by ~CN {to bind), once (Mic. i, 13) by Dr"i (of the like signitication) — and which were sometimes drawn by oxen (1 Sam. vi, 7; 2 Sam. vi, 6 ), especially those for transport, and some- times by horses (as equipage) or perhaps asses, appear nevertlieless to have been customarily employed not so much in the mountain districts (which were ill adapted through lack of carriage roads) as in the southern and maritime regions; wdiereas in modern times the inhabi- tants are in the habit of riding (on the backs of horses, donkeys, or mules), leaving burdens to be borne by camels; and carriages (with the exception of a few for- eign coaches) are rarely seen in the East (Korte, Reisen, p. 434), even in Egypt (Jlayr, Schicksalc, ii, 40), where they were anciently very numerous (Herod, ii, 108). The Canaanites had war-chariots before the arrival of the Het>rews (.Josh. xi. i; xvii, 16; Judg. iv, 3), like the Philistines (i, 19; 1 Sam. xiii, 5: comp. Jer. xlvii, 3) and later the Syrians (2 Sam. x, 18; 1 Kings xx, 1 ; xxii, 31; 2 Kings vi, 14 S(i.); and the immense num- bers of these (900 in Judg. iv, 3 ; 1000 in 1 Chron. xviii, 4; 30,000 in 1 Sam, xiii, 5; comp. the 1200 ligyptian chariots in 2 Chron. xii, 3) are condrmed by other an- cient accounts (Xenoph. A nub. i, 7, II ; Diod. Sic. i, 54; comp. 2 Mace, xiii, 2). This gave the natives a great advantage at lirst (Josh, xvii, 16; but comp. Veget.