as a pattern worthy of their imitation. Laban Clark said of liim, '• 1 think I may safely say, if I ever knew one wdio came up to .St. James's description of a perfect man — one who bridled his tongue and kept in subjec- tion his whole body — that man was bishop Whatcoat." See Minutes of Annual Conferences. 18G7, p. 145; Ste- vens, IJist. of the. M. E. Church, ii, 157, IGG, 168, 182, '284, 295, 49(5; iii, 38, 75; iv, 64, 113, 169, 184, '283, 501 ; Bangs, ilist. of the M. E. Church, ii, 93, 184, 185 ; Boehm, Reiniuisccnres. p. 35 ; Phoebus, Memoirs (fJiishop What- coat, etc. (\. V. 1828), p. 101. (J. L. S.)
"Whately, Kiciiakd, D.D., an eminent Anglican prelate and writer, was born in Cavendish Square, Lon- don, in 1787. His father was the Rev. J. Whately, D.D., prebeiulary of Bristol Cathedral, and proprietor of Nonsuch Park, .Suffolk, whose brother, Thomas Whate- ly, the private secretary to lord .Suffolk, was the author of Observations on Modern Gank'ninf/, and Itemarls on Some of the Characters of Shakspeare. His mother was a daughter of W. Plummer. Esq., of Ware Park, in Hert- fordshire. He was carefully educated, chiefly in pri- vate, at Nonsuch Park, and early entered Oriel College as a commoner, under the tutorsliip of Dr. E. Copleston, then head of the college, and afterwards bishop of Llandaff (1776- 1849). From pul)lic lectures, private conversation, and personal study, Wliately ac(iuired a reputation as a sound thinker. His active, ingenious, and fertile mind found scope in the university studies; and in the stir of ecclesiastical politics, then "sounding on their dim and perilous way" towards Tractarianism, he kept a heedful and safe course. At the Michaelmas term in 1808 he graduated as A.B., taking a second-cla>iS in Ute- ris humanioribus and in disciplinis mathematics et phy- sicfe, when the late Sir K. Peel went up from Christ Church and came but in both the only tirst-class man of his year. In 1810 Whately gained the chancellor's (lord William Wyndiiam Grenville's) prize of £20 for the best English essay on What are the arts in the cul- tivation of which the moderns hare been less successful than the ancients? In 1811 he was chosen one of the eighteen fellows of Oriel College, graduated as A.M. in 1812, and then began to act as tutor in his college, in which office, by his felicitous style of teaching, he pro- duced more first-class graduates than any other tutor of his day.
In 1818 Whately contributed his article on Loffic to the Encyclopcvdia Metropolitana. To the same work he also contributed the original outline of his Elements of Rhetoric. These writings were too important and useful to be kept shut up in the huge miscellany of learning in which they at first appeared, and were, on urgent demand, republished in 1825. The former, in which, as the late Prof. .SpaUling said, he "has ex- pounded the Aristotelian or syllogistic logic with ad- mirable clearness and method, and illustrated it with characteristic sagacity," was severely commented upon by Sir G. C. Lewis, by George Bentham, nephew of the philosopher of Westminster, and notably liy .Sir W. Hamilton in his paper (subsequently republished) in the Edinburf/h Review for A|iril, 1833. Even by these opponents it is admitted that "a new life was suddenly comnuuiicated to the study" of logic by the publica- tion of this work; and we may safely trust the decision of .lohn .S. ;Mill, that in it the student will finil stated with |)liilosopliical precision, and explained with re- markable perspicuity, the whole of the common doc- trine of the "syllogism." The latter work, that on Rhetoric, was immediately accepted as a text -book. De Qiiincey early acknowledged "the aciiteness and originalit}' which illuminate every part of the book," and asserted that "in any elementary work it has not been our fortune to witness a rarer comlnnalion of ana- lytical acuteness with severity of judgment." In 1819 Wliately issued anonymouslj' his ingeniously grave log- ical satire on scepticism, entitled Historic Doubts Rela- tive to the Existence of Napoleon Bonaparte, In 1822 appeared his BamjHon Lectures, on The Use and Abuse
WHATELY
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of Pai-fy Feeling in Religion. This subject is treated with delicacy, discrimination, and liberality, and the series has been frequently reissued.
Meanwhile Whately became by marriage, in 1821, a member "not on the foundation" of Uriel. His wife was a daughter of Win. Pope, Esq., of Hillingdon, Mid- dlesex, a lady of talent, taste, accomplishments, and lit- erary capacity. Shortly after ids marriage he accepted the rectorship of Halesworth, with the vicarage of Ched- iston, deanery of Uunwich, in the Blything Hundred of Suffolk. In 1825 Whately succeedeii Peter Elmsley as princi|)al of St. Alban's Hall. His Logic awA Rhet- oric were then republished as separate and independent works. In 1828 he published his Essays on Some of the Difficulties in the Writings of the Apostle Paid, which had been preceded by a series on Some of the Peculiar- ities of the Christian Religion, and were succeeded by The Errors of Romanism having their Origin in Human Natirre, etc. In 1830 his Thoughts on the Sabbath were issued by Mr. Fellowes, of Liidgate Hill, himself a mis- cellaneous writer. This book was made the occasion of a prosecution for stamp-duty, to which all publications except books of piety and devotion were then liable. The publisher was fined £20, and, on remonstrance that the book was within the protection of the statute anent "piety and devotion," he was answered that it was ratlier the contrary, because Mr. Wiiatcly controverts the JMosaic law, and inculcates that we may do just the same on Sabbaths as on other days." Several series of Sermons, Charges, and Tracts were published in 1830, 1833, and 1336. In 1831 earl Grey, then premier, pro- moted the logician, theologian, and politician of St. Al- ban's Hall to the priinacy of Ireland. The appointment was at first the occasion of much animadversion. Sus- picion was sown in tiie tninds of tiie clergy, and dislike was shown in their conchict. But Whately's honest impartiality disarmed hostility, and lie soon gained the hearts of clergy and people. Bishop Copleston said, Whately "accepted the arduous station proposed to him purely, I believe, from public spirit and a sense of duty. Wealth and honor and title and power have no charm for him. He has great energy and intrepid- ity; a hardihood which sustains him against obloquy wlien he knows he is discharging a duty; and lie is generous and disinterested almost to a fault. His en- larged views, his sincerity, and his freedom from preju- dice are more than a compensation for his want of con- ciliating manner." The labors of the episcopate, great as they were, could not exlianst his power of work- ing. In 1828 he had composed a paper on Trans- jwrtatiou, in which he argued against convict colonies. He followed this up in 1832 with Thoughts on Secondary Punishments, and in 1834 with Remarks on Tra7isporta- tion. In these he had "the distinguished honor," says Henry Iiogers, "of being the first who treated the sub- ject comprehensively, or who succeeded in exciting any considerable degree of attention to it." In the parlia- mentary report on this topic in 1838 nearly all the opin- ions of archbishop Whately were adopted, and the car- rying-out of his principles was recommended. The question of the treatment of criminals did not use up all his sympathies. The cause of national education was advocated by him with force and pertinacity, and chiefly tlirough his sagacity the national schools of Ire- land, under the commissioners of education, were placed on a workable and useful foundation. For these schools (in particular) he composed several treatises; among others, his able little woric. Easy Lessons on Reasoning, as well as those on Money Matters: Morals; Mind; and British Constitution. For scholastic purposes, too, he wrote for the Society for Promoting Christian Knowl- edge his candid I^essnns on the History of Religious Worship, and his simple yet effective Lessons on Chi'is- iian Evidences — the former of which has been trans- lated into French and Italian, and the latter not only into these two tongues, but also into Spanish, Swedish, German, Greek, and Hebrew. Euplanalions of the Bi-