WISEMAN
1025
WISHART
times very considerable differences of text existed. An important j\IS. of the book in tlie Britisli Museum {Eg- ertoii, 1040, Srec. viii) has not yet been examined.
IX. Literature. — The earUest commentary which re- mains is that of Rabanus Maurus (died 85G). lioman Catholic commentaries are those of Nannius {1552), Jan- sen (1557, 1014), Osorius (1580), Lorinus (1007, 1024), De Castro (1013), Corn, ix Lapide (1038), Maldonatus (1043), Gorse (1055), JNIenochins (1078), Du Hamel (1703), Cal- met (1757),Dereser (Frankf.2dcd. 1825),andJ. A. Schmid (Wien, 1858). Among Protestants separate commen- taries are those of Strigel (Lips. 1509, 1571, 1575), Kay- nold (1018), Fabricius (Frcf. et Lips. lOUl), Selnecker (Lips. 1575), Brochmann (Hafn. 1050), all in Latin; Petersen, Erkldr. (Bliding. 1727); Schiibaud, Anmerl:. (Magdeb. 1733) ; Steiumetz, A nmerk. (Leips. 1747); Kleu- ker, Erldut. (Higa, 1785) ; Hasse, Anmerk. (Jen. eod.) ; Wallenius, Anmdrkningan (Griefsw. 1780, also in Lat- in); Kelle, Anmerk. (Freib. 1815); Engelbrotli, Iiiter- ])i-etation [ch. i-iv] (Havn. 1810); Bauermeister, Com- mentaritis (Giitting. 1828); and especially W.Grimm, Commentar (Leips, 1837; also in the Kurzcjef. Exeg. Haiulb. ibid. 1808). To these may be added the He- brew commentary by Wessely (Berl. 1780, and later). See also Ewald, Geschichte des Volkes Israel (Gottingen, 1852), iv, 648 sq. ; Griitz, Geschichte der Juden (2d ed. Leips. 1803), iii, 292 sq., 242 sq. ; and the Introductions to the Old Test, by Bertholdt (Erlangen, 1815), v, 225 sq. ; De Wette, § 312-315 ; Keil (ibid. 1859), § 244-240 ; and Davidson (Lond. 1803), iii, 396-410. See Commen- tary.
■Wiseman, Luke Hoult, JLA.. a Wesleyan Meth- odist minister, was born in the city of Norwich, Jan. 19, 1822. He "was a saint at twelve and a preaclier at fourteen." He entered the ministry in 1840; was elect- ed missionary secretary in 1808, a position which he held until the close of life; was raised to the presiden- tial chair at the London Conference of 1872 by the largest number of votes ever recorded at such an elec- tion; and died in London, in the midst of his work and honors, Feb. 3, 1875. "As a Christian, he had deep veneration for the spiritual nature of Christianity ; as a man, a love of freedom that amounted to a passion. Hence to contend for the rights of conscience, to enlarge the spliere of free action, and to assert liberty of diifer- cnce among Christian churches while promoting frater- nal union and co-operation, and independence of the commonwealth while maintaining patriotic loyalty and an enlightened citizenship, were to him the most sacred of all duties, and he ever discharged them with match- less courage and fearless independence. As an adminis- trator, Wiseman had learned to combine in the happiest manner X\\(Lfortiter in re with the suariterin modo. . . . Never flurried, never in a hurry — always at ease and at liome, courteous to all, servile and obsequious to none — • he succeeded in guiding skilfully the course of discus- sion and business, and in uniformly maintaining Chris- tian courtesy and urbanity Avith judicial fairness and impartiality. Such was Wiseman — a man of open soul and loving heart, massive alike in body and mind, Avith a splendid physique and a character to match — a uni- versal favorite with preachers and people, admired, trusted, loved b\' all. . . . His heart was too high for pettiness, too large for sellishness or envy. Faith with- out superstition or fear, religion without bigotry or cant, the grandeur of intellect covered with the sin- cerity of childhood, were foimd in him as found in few" (Lond. Watchman ; see A'^. ¥. Methodist, March 20, 1875). Wiseman passionately loved the missionary cause. He eloquently advocated it and unselfishly worked for it. Lilie Frankland, Perks, Coley, and other eminent men in the British Conference, he worked too hard, and his sudden death was at once a surprise and a warning. Besides occasional published Sermons, Wiseman wrote. Lectures on Industries Prompted bi/ Conscience, and Not by Covetousness (1852; 3d ed. 1858) : — The Employment of Leisure Time (Lond. 1850, 12mo): — Things Secular X.— T T T
and Things Saci-ed (ibid. eod.): — Agents in the Revival of the Lust Century (ibid. 1855): — Men of Eaith, or Sketches from the Book of Judges (ibid. 8vo) : — Thoughts on Class Meetings and their Improcement (ibid. 1854, 12mo) : — Christ in the Wilderness : Practical Views of our Lord's Temptation (ibid. 1857, 12mo). See Min- utes of Conference (ibid. 1875), p. 18; Osborne, Meth. Bibliog. s. V. ; Wesl. Meth. Magazine, 1875, p. 288.
Wiseman, Nicholas Patrick Stephen, Car- dinal, and chief of the Koman Catholic Church in Eng- land, was born at Seville, Spain, Aug. 2, 1802, of Irish and Spanish extraction. At an early age he was brought to England, and placed in St. Cuthbert's College, at Ushaw, near Durham. He was thence removed to the English College at Rome, where he was ordained a priest, and made a doctor of divinity. He was a pro- fessor for a time in the Roman University, and was then made rector of the English College at Rome. In 1828 he published his Ilorce SyriacK. Dr. Wiseman returned to England in 1835, and in the winter of that year de- livered a series of lectures upon the leading doctrines of the Catholic Church at the Sardinian Chapel, in Lin- coln's Inn Fields. About the same time he delivered his Lectures on the Connection between Science and Revealed Religion, for which he is best known in Protestant lit- erature. He subsequently repaired to Rome, and is un- derstood to have been instrumental in inducing pope Gregory XVI to increase the vicars-apostolic in Eng- land. The number was doubled, and Dr. Wiseman came back as coadjutor bishop to Dr. Walsh, of the Midland District. He was also appointed president of St. Mary's College, Oscott. In 1847 he again repaired to Rome on the affairs of the English Catholics, and prepared the way for the subsequent change resolved on in 1848, which was delayed by the troubles that ensued at Rome. He was now made pro -vicar -apostolic of the London district in place of Dr. Griffiths, deceased. Sub- sequently he was appointed coadjutor, cum jure suc- cessionis, to Dr. Walsh, who was translated to London; and in 1849, on the death of Dr. Walsh, he became vicar- apostolic of the London district. In August he went again to Rome, " not expecting," as he said, " to re- turn to England again." But in a consistory held on Sept. 30, 1850, he was elected to the dignity of car- dinal by the title of St. Pudentiana, and was appoint- ed archbishop of Westminster, a step which raised an angry controversy in the papers, and resulted in the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill. He died in London, Feb. 15, 1805. Dr. Wiseman was a moderate polemic, a fine scholar, an elegant orator, and an accomplished critic. He was from the first one of the chief contributors to, and joint editor of, the Dublin Quarterly Rcvieir, and is the author of numerous pamphlets bearing more or less directly on the religious controversies of the past quarter of a century. His Essays have been reprinted in three vols. 8 vo. He also published. Lectures on the Eucharist : — Recollections of the Last Eour Popes: — Fahiola ; or, The Church of the Catacombs, etc. Dr. Wiseman was the seventh English cardinal since the Reformation. The other six were Pole, Allen, Howanl, York (a son of the Pretender, who was never in England), Weld, and Acton. Archbishop Wiseman's successor was cardinal Manning, the present incumbent.