■WolfenbUttel Fragments. See Lessing.
Wolfenbiittel Manuscript (Codex Glei-pher-
vines of Galilee and Lebanon, and in the maritime plains" (Tristram, A'a/. Hist, of the Bible.p.lbi). Wolves, like many other animals, are subject to variation in color. The com- mon color is gray with a tinting of fawn and long black hairs. The variety most frequent in Southern ICurope and the Pyrenees is black: the wolf of Asia Minor is more tawny than those of the common col- or. The Syrian wolf likewise is of a lighter color than
\\
T7
vv.
7Tr7/:\ r^
0 r\
IS
Specimen of the Cudex Gudpherhytanuti a (coutaiuing Luke i, C, 7).
WOLFF
1030
WOLFGANG
BYTANL's) is the name given to two palimpsest frag- ments (a and b) of the (ireek Testament (usually des- io-nated as 1' and (i of the Gospels), which were discov- ered by Knittel in the ducal library at AVolfenbilttel, Brunswick, under the more modern writings of Isidore of Seville. lie published the whole in ITC-J. and Tisch- endorf more accurately in vol. iii of his Moinimenta Sa- cra Jnedita (ISGO). The volume of which they are a part (called the Codex Carolinus) seems to have been once at Bobbio, and has been traced from Mayence and Prague, till it was bought by a duke of Brunswick in IGSS). Codex P contains, on 43 leaves. 31 fragments of 486 verses from all four evangelists; Codex Q, on 13 leaves. 12 fragtiients of 235 verses from Luke and John. A few portions, once written in vermillion. have quite departed. They belong to the 5th or Clh century. Both are written in two columns, the uncials being bold, those of Q considerably smaller. The capitals in P are large and frequent, and both have the Ammonian sections without the canons of Eusebius. See Scrivener, Introd. p. 113; Tregelles, in Home's Introd. iv, 179. See Manuscripts.
Wolff, Bernard C, D.D., a German Reformed minister, was born at Martinsburg, W. Ya., Dec. 11, 1794. When a mere child he received the impression that he ought to be a minister, and this conviction deep- ened with his subsequent development. He was sent to the best schools afforded by his native place, where he made rapid progress, especialU^ in mathematics; and subsecpiently received instruction under private tutors in the family of B. M. Coulston, Esq., who lived near ]\rartinsburg. He also pursued the study of the Latin anil Greek languages for some time under the direction of the Rev. Dr. Denny, a Presbyterian clergyman of Cham- bersburg, Pa., with whom he made attainments which would have admitted him to the junior class in college. He was then called home by his father to engage with him in the saddle and harness making business, where lie labored four or live years, until, at the age of twenty- one, he became the sole owner of the shop. Li his thir- ry-sevcnth year he entered the Theological Seminary at York, Pa., completed his course in 1832, and was licensed at Frederick, iMd., in September of the same year. He became associate pastor of the Church at Easton, Pa., in 1832; pastor of the Third Church in Baltimore. Md., in 1844; entered upon the duties of the office of profess- or of didactic and practical theology in the Theological Seminary at Mercersburg, Pa., Nov. 29, 1854; resigned his professorship some years previous to his death, and devoted the remainder of his days to the interests of the educational institutions of his Church. He died at Lan- caster, Pa., Nov. 1, 1870. See Harbaugh, Fathers of the Germ. Ref. Church, iv, 24G.
Wolff, Joseph, D.D., LL.D., not inappropriately called a meteor or comet on the missionary heaven, was born of Jewish parentage, in 1705, in Bavaria. Endowed with almost unprecedented linguistical talent, a quick power of perception, lively temperament, and great pru- ilence, he became acquainted at a very early age with the most prominent men in different countries of Eu- rope. In 1812 he was baptized at Prague by a Bene- dictine monk. While at Yienna he was introduced to the liighest ecclesiastical dignitaries; lived for some time with count Stolborg in bis castle of Tatenhausen, and went to Rome to be educated there as a missionary. His heart was filled with the desire to proclaim the glad ti- dings of the (jospel to both Jew§ and IMohammedans. Although he enjoyed the favor of the most prominent men in Rome, especially that of pope Pius YII, and formed acquaintances which were of the greatest inter- est in his life, yet he could not reconcile himself to Romanism. While at Rome he spent his time in study- ing Oriental languages. Some liberal views which he had expressed on sundry occasions made him suspected in the eyes of the Inquisition, and he had to leave the college and the Eternal City. After many adventures.
he went to London, and here he joined the Church of England. Soon he became acquainted with men like Henry Drummond, Charles Simeon, Lewis Way — the founders of the London Society for the Jews. They, perceiving Wolff's special fitness for missionarj' work, effected his entrance to Cambridge L^niversity, where he continued his Oriental studies under Prof. Lee. Af- ter two years (in 1821) he gave up his studies, and com- menced his adventurous life as a traveller. Amid the richest and most remarkable experiences, he travelled over Europe, Asia, America, and a part of Africa. In these journeys he became acquainted with kings and princes, as well as with the most learned men of all ec- clesiastical relations ; everywhere professing Jesus as the Christ; and although he had often been imprisoned and his life had been endangered several times, yet in the greatest perils he showed an undaunted courage and great presence of mind. Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, Bokhara, witnessed his ardent zeal. He preached ev- erywhere— at one time in this language, at another time in a different one; distributed the Holy Scriptures in the various languages of the East ; and wherever he went he understood how to interest the most prominent men and women in his behalf. In 1837 Wolff arrived in America, to be ordained by bishop Doane of New Jersey. After spending some time in this countrv, he left New York Jan. 2, 1838, for England. Here he at first occupied a small incumbency at Linthwaite, in Yorkshire; but as the climate was too cold for the health of his wife (lady Georgiana AValpole, daughter of the count of Oxford), Wolff exchanged that pastoral charge for the curacy of High Hoyland, in the county of York, and there he remained for nearly five years. At the beginning of the year 1843, Wolff heard of the imprisonment of colonel Stoddart and captain Conolly in Btikhara, and this induced him to proceed to that place in order to ascertain their whereabouts. From what he learned on this his most dangerous journey, he was convinced that Stoddart and Conolly were dead. In 1844 he returned to England and received the parish in lie Brewers. Here he labored for the remainder of his life, and died May 2, 18G2. Before his death he ful- filled the promise made by him many years before to the Armenian and Greek patriarchs of helping them to establish hostels in Cambridge and Oxford: the Rev. George Williams, senior fellow of King's College, Cam- bridge, assisted and co-operated with him in this under- taking. Wolff published, Researches and Missionary Labors among the Jeics, etc. (Lond. 1835) : — Missionary Jotinutl and Afemolr, written by himself (revised and edited by J. Bagford, ibid. 1824) : — Missionary Journal, vol. iii (ibid, 1820): — Journal yiving an Account of his Missionary Labors from the Year 1827 to 1831, and from 183.5 to 1838 (ibid. XSm):— Narrative of a Mis- sion to Bokhara in the Years 1843-45 (2 ed. ibid. 1845, 2 vols.) :— but the most interesting are his Travels and AdventU7-es of the Rev. Joseph U'o///' (ibid. 1861). The latter forms the basis of Dr. H. Sengelmann's Dr. JoseiJi Wolif: cin ]r((«(7«7tZ;f« (Hamburg, 18C3). (B. P.)