"Wylie, Samuel Brown, D.D., LL.D., a Re- formed Presbyterian divine and author, was born at Moj-larg, near Ballymena, County of Antrim, Ireland, May 21, 1773. He graduated at the University of Glas- gow in 1797; emigrated to Philadelphia the same year; taught a school at Cheltenham, Pa., until the fall of 1798, when he was appointed a tutor in the University of Pennsylvania; was licensed to preach June 25, 1799; ordained June 25, 1800 ; was pastor of the First Re- formed Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, from 1801 to 1852; professor in the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Presbyterian Church from 1809 to 1851 ; pro- fessor of ancient languages in the University of Penn- sylvania from 1828 to 1845, and emeritus professor from 1845 to 1852 ; vice-provost of the University of Pennsyl- vania from 1838 to 1845; and died in Philadelphia, Oct, 13, 1852. Mr. Wylie was the author of, The Eaithful Witness for Magistracy and Ministry upon a Script u?-al Basis (Phila. 1804 ; Paisley, Scotland, 1806; other eds.) : — Covenanting (Greensburgh, Pa., 1803) : — First Annual A ddress before the Religious Historical Society (Phila. 1818, Svo):—Greeh Grammar (1838, 9,vo):—Life of the Rev. Alexander McLeod, D.D. (N. Y. 1855, 8vo), posthumous. He was co- editor of the Presbyterian Magazine (1821-22, 2 vols. 8vo), and also contributed to periodicals. "Few men have ranked higher than Dr. Wylie in classical literature and theological attain- ments, as a successful teacher, a good pastor, or a prac- tical Christian" (Blake, Biog. Diet. s. v.). See Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer. A uthors, s. v. ; Sprague, A nnals of the Amer, Pulpit, ix, 34; MciVIaster, Discourse on his Life and Character (Phila. 1852, 8vo); McLeod, Dis- course, etc. (N. Y. 1852, 8vo); Wilson, Presb. Hist. Al- manac, 1860, p. 177. (J. L. S.)
Wynne, John, D.D., an English clergyman, was
WYNNE
1044
XAVIER
sometime fellow of Jesus College, Oxford. He became Margaret professor of iliviiiity at Oxford in 1705; jjreb- eiuiary of Worcester in ITOti; principal of Jesus College, Oxford, in 1712; bishop of St. Asaph in 1715, and of Bath and Wells in 1727; and died in 1743. See Alli- bone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer. A uthorg, s. v.
Wynne, Robert, D.D., an English clergyman, became prebendary of St. Asaph in 1(591 (or 1G92), and afterwards chancellor of St. Asaph. See Allibone, Diet, of Brit, iiiid A iiwr. Authors, s. v.
Wytembogard. See Uvtenbogaert.
Wyttenbach, Thojias, chronologically the first of Swiss reformers, is supposed to have been born in 1472 of an ancient family at Jiiel. He is known to have been a student at Tubingen, where Gabriel Biel and the learned Hebraist Konrad Pellican were the professors. About 1505 he habilitated himself at Basle as artium lib. inugigter and simetce theologiie haccal. biblieus. He expounded the sentences of Peter Lombard and several books of Scripture, and taught the dogmas of Kome in disputations, as is attested by his pupils Leo Judah and Ulric Zwingli. In 1507 he was appointed to the town church of Biel, and confirmed in that charge by the bishop of Lausanne on Aug. 26. In the course of his early ministry he was employed by the town authori- ties to conduct negotiations with Kome respecting the permission to use a milk diet in Lent and the obtaining of indulgences for the citizens of Biel. He was also zealous in defending the independence of the town priest against the abbot of the neighboring convent of St. John, and the rights of the town church against the civil authorities. In 1515 he sojourned at Basle, and obtained the degree of theological doctor, besides being mad^ canon and custos of St. Vincent's, while retaining his previous office at Biel; but five years later he had resigned all his dignities at Basle and resumed his place at Biel altogether. He persistently preached against indulgences and the mass, kept a watchful eye upon the
abbot of St. John and the town council, and ventured to attack the celibacy of priests. In 1524 he married, and was accordingly dismissed from his charge. He thereupon preached in the open air and other available places, visited his assailants and discussed the questions at issue with them, and by different methods gained many friends to his side. His life had been a constant struggle with poverty from the beginning, and was now more than ever wretched from this cause. But appeals to the council for su[)port, in recognition of the services of eighteen years which he had given to the town, pro- duced no effect; and when, in 1525, the temper of the community had changed, and resolutions were adopted by the citizens asking that Wyttenbach be allowed to preach, and that a suitable support be assured him, the council first evaded the demand and then invoked the intervention of the bishop of Lausanne. An episcopal admonition was accordingly addressed to Biel, Nov. II, 1525. A protracted agitation followed, the result of which was that Wyttenbach was thrown aside by all parties, and refused employment of any kind by his native town. A pension amounting to twelve tlorins annually was after a time granted him as remuneration for the losses incurred in the contest with the abbot of St. John; but he did not live to enjoy even this beggarly provision. He died in 1526. Two years af- terwards the reformation of Biel was an accomplished fact.