17. The son of Jeroboam II, being the fourteenth king of Israel, and the last of the house of Jehu. There is a difficulty about the date of his reign. We are told that Amaziah ascended the throne of Judah in the sec- ond year of Joash king of Israel, and reigned 29 years (2 Kings xiv, 1, 2). He was succeeded by Uzziah or Azariah in the 27th year of Jeroboam II, the successor of Joash (xv, 1), and Uzziah reigned 52 years. On the other hand, Joash king of Israel reigned 16 years (xiii, 10), was succeeded by Jeroboam, who reigned 41 years (xiv, 23), and he by Zechariah, who came to the throne in the 38th year of Uzziah king of Judah (xv, 8). Tlius we have (1) from the accession of Amaziah to the 38th of Uzziah 29+38=^67 years; but (2) from the second year of -Joash to the accession of Zechariah (or at least to the death of Jeroboam) we have 15+41=56 years. Further, the accession of Uzziah, placed in the 27th 5'ear of Jeroboam, according to the above reckoning, oc- curred in the loth. This latter synchronism is con- firmed, and that with the 27th year of Jeroboam con- tradicted, by 2 Kings xiv, 17, which tells us that Ama- ziah king of Judah survived Joash king of Israel by 15 years. Most chronologers assume an interregnum of 11 years between Jeroboam's death and Zechariah's ac- cession, during which the kingdom was suffering from the anarchy of a disputed succession, but this does not solve the difference between xiv, 17 and xv, 1. We are reduced to understand the number 27 in xv, 1 as refer- ring to the years of .Jeroboams viceroi/shij) on the oc- casion of his father's war with Syria (xiii, 14-25). See Chronology. Josephus (Ant. ix, 10,3) places Uzzi- ah's accession in the 14th year of Jeroboam, a variation of a year in these synchronisms being unavoidable, since the Hebrew annalists in giving their dates do not reckon fractions of years. But in any case we must place Zechariah's accession early in B.C. 770. His reign lasted only six months. He was killed in a con- spiracy of which Shallum (q. v.) was the head, and by which the prophecy in x,30 was accomplished. W'e are told thatduring his brief term of power he did evil, and kept up the calf-worship inherited from the first Jero- boam, which his father had maintained in regal splendor at Bethel (Amos vii, 13). See Iskael, Kingdom of.
In the English version of 2 Kings xv, 10 we read: "And Shallum the son of Jabesh conspired against hira, and smote him be/ure the people, and slew him, and reigned in his stead." And so the Vulg., " percussitque eum palam et interfecit." But in the Sept we rind Kt- l3\aafi instead of before the people, i. e. Shallum and Keblaam killed Zechariali. The common editions read tv K(fi\aap, meaning that Shallum killed Zechariah in Keblaam; but no place of such a name is known, and there is nothing in the Hebrew to answer to ti'. The words translated be/ore the people, Kf/3/\«a//, pnlam, are C" Pljp. Ewald (Geschichte, iii, 598) maintains that 331^' never occurs in prose [Is not the objection rather that the word is Chaldee? It occurs repeatedly in Daniel (ii, 31 ; iii, 3; v, 1, 5, 10), and also in the Chal- dee portions of Ezra (iv, 16; vi, 13)], and that ^'S would be Dj-'H if the Latin and English translations were correct. He also observes that in 2 Kings xv, 14, 25,30, where altnost the same expression is used of the deaths of Shallum, Pekahiah, and Pekah, the words before the people are omitted. Hence he accepts the translation in the Vatican ]MS. of the Sept., and consid- ers that Kabalam or K6/3\a«ju was a fellow-conspirator or rival of Shallum, of whose subsequent fate we have no information. On the death of Zechariah, Shallum was made king, Ijiit. after reigning in Samaria for a month only, was in his turn dethroned and killed by Menahem. To these events Ewald refers the obscure passage in Zech. xi. 8 : " Three shepherds also I cut off in one month, and my soul abhorred them" — the three shepherds being Zechariah, Kabalam, and Shallum. This is very ingenious: we must remember, however, that Ewald, like certain English divines (Mede, Ham- mond, Newcome, Seeker, Pye Smith), thinks that the latter chapters of the prophecies of Zechariah belong to an earlier date than the rest of the book. See Zech- ariah, Book of.
18. A Kohathite Levite in the reign of Josiah, who was one of the overseers of the workmen engaged in the restoration of the Temple (2 Chron. xxxiv, 12). B.C. 628.
19. Second named of the three rulers of the Temple in the reign of Josiah (2 Chron. xxxv, 8). B.C. 628. He was probably, as Bertheau conjectures, "the second priest" (comp. 2 Kings xxv, 18).
20. Son of Shiloni and father of Joiarib among the descendants of Perez (Neh. xi, 5). B.C. long ante 536.
21. A priest, son of Pashur and father of Amzi (Neh. xi, 12). B.C. long ante 536.
22. Son of x\mariah and father of Uzziah, of the family of Perez (Neh. xi, 4). B.C. ante 536.
23. The representative of the priestly family of Iddo in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua (Neh. xii, 16). B.C. 536. He was possibly the same as Zechariah the prophet the son of Ittdo.