III. Style and Diction. — Some of Zechariah's pecu- liarities in these respects have been noticed above. It will have been already perceived that the symbols with which he abounds are obscure, and their prosaic struct- ure is diffuse and unvaried. The rylithm of his poetry is tmequal, and its parallelisms are inharmonious and disjointed. His language has in many phrases a close alliance with that of the other prophets, and occasional imitations of them, especially of Ezekiel, characterize his oracles. He is also peculiar in his introduction of spiritual beings into his prophetic scenes.
In point of phraseology, generally speaking, Zecha- riah's style is pure and remarkably free from Chalda- isms. As is common with writers in the decline of a language, he seems to have striven to imitate the puri- ty of the earlier models; but in orthography, and in the use of some words and phrases, he betrays the influence of a later age. He writes HS and T'T'^, and employs
ZEDAD
1077
ZEDEKIAH
nriN (v, 7) ill its later use as the indefinite article, and riiinpN with the fem. termination (iv, 12). A full col- lection of these peculiarities will be found in Koster, Meletemata in Zech. etc.
IV. Commentaries. — The following are the exegetical helps on the entire prophecy exclusively, to the most important of which we prefix an asterisk : Jerome, Com- mentiirii ( in 0pp. ed. Villars [Veron. 1734], vi ) ; The- odoret, Interpretatio (in 0pp. ed. Schulze [Hal. 1769- 74], II, ii) ; Ephrem Sjtus, Explanatio (in 0pp. v, 285) ; Rupertus Tuitiensis, In Zech. (in Oppi. i, 520) ; Kimchi, Commentary ( transl. from the Heb. by jMcCaul, Lond. 1824, 8vo); 'Lnlh&v, A uslefiung (WittenL. 1528, 4to; Erf. eod. 8vo; also in his Works, in Lat. and Germ.); Me- \a.\\ct\Mn, Commentarius (in O/jyj. ii, 531 ) ; Draco, ^x- plicatio [includ. Joel and Micah] (Vitemb. 15G5, fol.); ChytriBus, Lectiones (in Opp. ii, 397); Stunica [R. C], Commeiitaria (Salmant. 1577, fol.) ; Grynaus, Commen- tarius (Genev. 1581, 8vo) ; Osor [R. C], Commentarius (Colon. 1584, 8 \'o; also in Opp.); Baldwin, Commen- tarius [ includ. Hagg. and Mai. ] (Vitemb. 1610, 8vo) ; Sanctius [R. C], Commentarius (Lugd. 1616, 4to) ; Pem- ble. Exposition [on ch. i-ix] (Lond. 1629, 4to); De Rey- roles [R, C], Quastioius (Par. 1631, fol.) ; Ursinus, Com- mentarius (Francof. 1652, 8vo); Dorsch, Synopsis (ibid. 1653, 1691, 4to) ; Varenius, Explicatio [includ. Hagg. and Mai.] (Rost. 1662, 4to) ; De Hase,.4?2a/ysw (Brem.l689, 4to); Biermann, Erklaarinr/ (Utrecht, 1699; in Germ. 1706, 4to) ; Gerbade, Opgelooten (Leyd. 1702, 4to) ; Muil- man, Illustratio (Franek. 1703, 4to); Meiss, Erkldruug (Leips. 1706, 8vo ) ; Bohle, Analysis, ed. Grape (Rost. 1711, 8vo); Nemethus, Explicatio (Ultcaj. 1714, 4to); Boekholt, Verklaaring ( Amst. 1718, 4to) ; Andala, Dis- sertationes (Franek. 1720, 4t'o) ; * Vitringa, Commeniarii (Leov. 1734, 4to) ; Mann, Zergliedening (Brem. eod. 4f o) ; Opitz, .1 nmerk. (Giitt. 1747, 4to) ; Oporin, A nmerk. (ibid, eod. 4to) ; Herlich, Erkldrung (Rost. 1764, 8vo) ; Trinius, A nmerk. (Quedlinb. 1780, 8 vo); * Fliigge, Erlduterung (Hamb. 1784, 8vo); *Venema, Sermones (Leov. 1789, 4to); Blayney, Notes (Oxf. 1797, 4to); Thube, ^rHa- rung (Schwerin, 1802, 8vo) ; Salomon, 0^^1X3 (Dessau, 1805, 8vo); * Koster, Meletemata [on ch. ix-xiv] (Gott. 1818, 8v'o) ; Forberg, Commentarius [ibid.] (Cob. 1824, 4to, pt. i) ; Stouard, Commentui-y (Lond. eod. 8vo) ; Mailer, Erkldrung ( Brem. 1831, 8vo, pt. i); Park, Ex- plication (Lond. 18o2,8vo); Burger, Etudes (Strasb. 1841, 4to ) ; Baumgarten, Nachtgesichte ( Brunswick, 1854, 2 vols. 8vo); Neumann, £;■/■/«;•««(/ (Stuttg. 1860) ; Ward- law, Lectures (Lond. 1862, r2mo); * Kliefoth, ^/Vaw^e- rung (Schwerin, eod. 8vo) ; Kohler, Erkldrung (Erlang. 1862-63, 8vo); Robinson, Homilies (Lond. 1865. 8vo); * Moore, Commentary [includ. Hagg. and Mai.] (N. Y. 1866, 8vo); Pressel, CommeHft/r [ibid.] ((iotha, 1870, 8vo); *y^x\2.ht, Commentary (Lond. 1879, 8vo), See Prophets, Minok.
Ze'dad (Heb. Tsedad', 'T^:J [with n directive, Tseda'dah, iTllIi], slope ; Sept. ^aSaSuK v. r. 'SapaSaK, etc.), one of the landmarks on the north border of the laud of Israel, as promised by Moses (Numb, xxxiv, 8) and as restored by Ezekiel ( xlvii, 15). In the former passage it occurs between •' the entrance of Hamath" and Ziphron, and in the latter between the " road to Hethlon" and Hamath. A place named Sudud exists to the east of the northern extremity of the chain of An- tilibanus, about fifty miles E.N.E. of Baalbek and thirty- five S.S.E. of Hums (Robinson, Bibl. Res. ii, 507 ; Wetz- stein, Reis. iib. llauran, p. 88 ), which Porter thinks is identical with Zedad (^Five Years in Damascus, ii, 354- 356; Giant Cities of Bashan, p. 317); and so also ap- parently rabbi Schwarz {Palest, p, 26); but the boun- daries of Palestine proper never extended so far north- ward. See Tkibk. A trace of the name possibly lin- gers in the desert plain called Sahil Judeideh, on the western 8lo|)e of Antilibanus, in or near the district of Zebedany (Robiusoi), Later Bill. Res, p, 490).
Zedechi'as (Se^eKi'ac), the Greek form (1 Esdr. i, 46) of the name of king Zeuekiah (q. v.).
Zedeki'ah (Heb. Tsidkiyah' , n'^p'-[:i [but in this simple form only in 1 Kings xxii, 11; Nel^ x, 1; Jer. xxvii, 12; xxviii, 1; xxix, 3; elsewhere in the pro- longed form Tsidkiya'hu,^n'''p'l^~\,7ny righteousness is Jah, or, righteousness of Jehovah ; Sept. and Josephus, SfOCKiof), the name of several Hebrews.