Zem'aiite (Heb. with the art. huts - Tsemari', "'"I'Qiin, evidently a patronymic or rather patrial from Zemer [see below]; Sept. o ^aj.iapaiog: Vulg. -S'«- vuiroeus), the general designation of one of the Ilamitic tribes who in the genealogical table of Gen. x (ver. 18) and 1 Chron. i (ver. 1(5) are represented as "sons of Ca- naan." They are named between the Arvadite, or peo- ple of Ruad, and the Hamathite, or people of Ilamah. The old interpreters (Jerusalem Targum, Arabic ver- sion, etc. ) place them at Kmessa, tlie modern I/ums. Michaelis (^Spicilef/. ii, 51), revolting at the want of similarity between the two names (which is perhaps the strongest argument in favor of the old identitica- tion ), proposes to locate theiTi at Sumi-a, the Simi/ra (^t^vpa) or Simyrus {Eif.ivpoQ) ofthe classical geogra- phers (Assemani, Biblioth. Orient, i, 504), located on the PhcEniciaii river Eleutherus (Ptolemy, v, 15, 4; Pliny, V, 17; Mela, i, 12, 3), which name is mentioned by Shaw (p. 234) as attached to a site of ruins near Arka, on the west coast of Svria, ten or eleven miles above Tripoli (comp. Buckingham, ii, 415). On the French map of the Lebanon (Carte du Liban, etc., I8()2) this place appears as Kobbet oum Shounira, and lies between Arka and tlie Mediterranean, two kilometres from the latter and five and a half from the former. Beyond, however, the resemblance in the names, and the proxim- ity of Ruad and Arka, the probable seats of the Arva- dites and Arkites, and the consequent inference that the original seat of the Zemarites must have been some- where in this direction, there is nothing to prove that Sumra or Shumra has any connection with the Tsem- arites of the ancient records. The name is more like- ly to have sprung from l^he locality in the eastern de- clivity of Mount Ephraim or Benjamin, elsewhere des- ignated as Zk.'makaim (q. v.). The identification by tile Sept. and Vulg. of both these places with the city of Samaria is evidently a mere conjecture or false transliteration.
Zemi'ra (Heb. Zemirah', nyiaT, music, as in Isa. xxiv, 16, etc. ; Sept. 'Liixipd v. r. Zafiipiai; and ' kfiapiaq; Vulg. Z«OTi?-a), first named ofthe nine sons of Becher son of Benjamin (1 Chron. vii, 8). B.C. post 1874.
Ze'nan (Heb. Tsenan' , '(2'1, jminted, li tXns be the proper form of the name; Sept. 'S.ivvaii v. r. "Slivva; Vulg. Sannn), a town in the lowland district of Judali (Josh, XV, 37). where it is named before lladashah and Migdal-gad in the western group of the tribe. Sec JypAH. Accordingly, a few miles south of the present Mejdel is a small village called Jeniii, which is probably
the modern representative of Zenan. It is generally supposed that Zenan is the same place which the proph- et Micah calls Zaannn (Mic. i, 11; see Keland, /'Mte.i/. p. 1058 ; Keil and Dclitzsch, On Josh, .rr, 37 ). Knobel sui)])oses this last to be identical with the ruin of <■«- ■Sciiat, near Beit Jibrlii (Tobler, Drille l\'(imleruii(/, \^. 124). Scliwarz {J'idest. p. 103) proposes to idcntifj" Zenan with "the village Zan-abni. situated two and a half English miles south-east of Maresbah." By this he iloubtless intends the place which in the lists of Rob- inson ( Bibl. Res. [1st ed.], vol. iii. app. p. 1 17 ) is called es-Sendbinih, and in Tobler's Drille Waiidiriimi (p. 149), es-Semiubereh. The latter traveller in bis map places it about two and a half miles due east of Marash (Ma- reslia). But both these latter ideniiticatious are more than doubtful.
Ze'iias (Z/ji'ar, a contraction from 7ji]vo^iopog, as 'Ap-ff^icir from 'Aprf/dtwpor, "Svf^Kpaij from "Sv^ipoSio- poc, ami probably 'Ep/tac trom 'EpfinCiufor), a believer, ami, as ma\' be inferred from the context, a preacher of tlie tJospel, who is mentioned in Til. iii, 13 in connec- tion with Apollos, and, together witii him, is there com- mended by Raul to the care and iiospiiality of Titus and the Cretan brotlireii. A.D. cir. 59. He is further described as "the lawyer" (roi' I'OftiKoy). It is impos- silile to determine with certainty whether we are to in- fer from this designation that Zeiias was a Roman juris- consult or a Jewish doctor. Grotius accepts the former alternative, and thinks that he was a Greek who had studied Roman law. The New-Test, usage of ro/iiKcit; leads rather to the other inference. Tradition has been somewhat busy with the name of Zenas. The Si/iiopsis de Vita et Morte Prophetarum, .■\postidorum,et IHs'icipu- lorum Domini, ascribed to Dorotheus of Tyre, makes him to have been one of the "seventy-two"' disciples, and subsequently bishop of Dios])()lis, in Palestine {Bill. Pair, iii, 150 ). The " seventy-two'' disciples of Doro- theus are, however, a mere string of names picked out of salutations and other incidental notices in the New Test. The Greek menologieson the festival of SS. Bar- tholomew and Titus (Aug. 25) refer to a certain IJfe of Titus, ascribed to Zenas, which is also quoted for the supposed conversion ofthe younger Pliin- (comp. Fabri- cius. Codex .\pocr. .V. 7'. ii, 831, 2). The association of Zenas with Titus, in Paul's epistle to the latter, suflS- ciently accounts for the forgery. — Smith.
Zeno, a Greek philosopher, was born at Elea, in Southern Italy, about B.C. 490. He was a pupil of Car- menides, and lived at Elea all his life, with tlie excep- tion of occasional visits to Athens, where he had many ofthe wealthy citizens for his disciples. He is said to have engaged in a conspiracy against Ncarchns, the ty- rant of Elea, who captured him and put him to death liv cruel torture. For an account of his philosophy, see Ei.KATic School.