Zich'ri (Heb. Zikri', ■^"IIIT, my memorial or memo- rable; Sept. Zf^pt ^'- r. Tjaxpi, Zoxpi, Zapi, and even sometimes Zaxaplag, 'E^txP'! Yu\g. Zechri), the name of numerous Hebrews.
1. Last named of the three sons of Izhar the son of Kohath of the tribe of Levi (Exod. vi, 21, where most editions of the A.V. incorrectly have "Zithri"). B.C. cir. 1658.
2. Second named of the nine sons of Shimhi of the tribe of Benjamin (1 Chron. viii, 19). B.C. cir. 1612.
3. Fifth named of the eleven sons of Shashak of the tribe of Benjamin (1 Chron. viii, 23). B.C. cir. 1612.
4. Last named of the six sons of Jeroham of the tribe of Benjamin (1 Chron. viii, 27). B.C. cir. 1612.
5. A "son" of Asaph and father of Micah (1 Chron. ix, 15) ; elsewhere called Zabdi (Neb. xi, 17) and Zac- cur (xii, 35).
6. A descendant of Eliezer the son of Moses, being son of Joram and father of the treasurer Shelomith (1 Chron. xxvi, 25). B.C. ante 1043.
7. The father of Eliezer, which latterwas chief of the Reubenites in David's reign (1 Chron. xxvii, 16). B.C. ante 1043.
8. A Judahite whose son Amasiah volunteered at the head of 200,000 men in Jehoshaphat's army (2 Chron. xvii, 16). B.C. 909.
9. Father of Elishaphat, which latter was one of the conspirators witli Jehoiada to restore Joash (2 Chron. xxiii, 1). B.C. ante 876.
10. An Ephraimitish chief in the invading army of Pekah the son of Hemaliah (2 Chron. xxviii, 7). B.C. cir. 734. It seems that he took advantage of the vic- tory of this monarch over the army of Judah to pene- trate into Jerusalem, where he slew one of the sons of Ahaz, the governor of the palace, and the king's chief minister or favorite. See AiiAz; Pekah. There is some probability in the conjecture that he was the " Tabael's son" whom Pekah and Rezin designed to set upon the throne of .ludah (Isa. vii, 6). See Tabael.
11. F'ather of Joel, which latter was superintendent of the Benjamites after the return from Babylon (Neh. xi, 9). B.C. ante .536.
12. A priest of the family of Abijah in the days of the high-priest Joiakim the son of Jeshua (Neh. xii, 17). JB.C. cir. 480.
Zid'dim (Heb. with the art. hats-Tslddim' , □'^^JSn, the declivities ; Sept, twv Ivp'nov [apparently reading 1
• ZIDKIJAH
1092
ZIDON
for 'T] ; Vulg. Assedim), the first named of the fortified towns of the tribe of Naphtali (Josh, xix, 35), Zer being mentioned next; but the two names are probably to be connected as one. See Zior. The Sept. (as above) Identifies the place with Ti/re and the Syriac with Zi- don, but both these are quite beyond the bounds of Naphtali. The Jerusalem Talmud {Megilluh, ch. i) is probably nearer the mark in identifying hats-Tsiddim witU AV/> Chittui, wXnch Schwarz {Palest. -p. 182) with much probability takes to be the present Hattin, at the northern foot of tlie well-known Kurn Hattin, or " Horns of Hattin," a few miles west of Tiberias. This identification falls in with the fact that the next names in the list arc all known to have been connected with the lake. '• The village has several traces of antiquity in its tombs, and is, compared with many others, a clean and thriving place" (Tristram, Bible Places, p. 268).
Zidki'jah (Neh. x, 1). See Zedekiah.
Zi'don (Heb. Tsidon', VlT':? [or briefer piS, Gen. X, lb, 19 ; xlix, \i],fskery [Gesen.] m fortress [Fiirst] ; Sept. [usually]. New Test., and classical writers gener- ally, ^i?il)v ; A. V. '• Sidon" in ver. 15, 19. and New Test.), the name of a man and of a place. (In the discussion of the latter we make use of the articles in the diction- aries of Kitto and Smith, with important additions from other sources.)
1. The eldest son of Canaan (Gen. x, 15; 1 Chron. i, 13). B.C. considerably post 2514. See Ethnographv.
2. One of the most ancient cities of Phoenicia ((ien. X, 19; xlix, 13; Josh. xi,8; xix, 28; Judg. i, 31 ; x, 6; xviii, 28; 2 Sam. xxiv, 6; 1 Kings xvii, 9; Isa. xxiii. 2, 4, 12; Jer. xxv, 22; xxvii, 3; xlvii, 4; Ezek. xxvii, 8; xxviii, 21, 22; Joel ii, 4 [Heb. iv, 4]; Zech. ix, 2; Matt, xi, 21, 22; xv, 21 ; Mark iii, 8; vii, 24, 31 ; Luke iv, 26; vi, 17; x, 13, 14; Acts xii, 20, xxvii, 3), which still retains its ancient appellation (Phoen. '{'i'Z) in the Arabic form Saidu. Justin jMartyr (who lived in Pal- estine) derives the name from the Phoenician word for yw/(, "piscem Phcenices sidon vocant" (xviii, 3); but Josephus, from the son of Canaan (Ant. vi, 2).
1. Situation and Importance.~Z\Aov\ lies on the east- ern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, in lat. 33^34' 5"
N., less than twenty English miles to the north of Tyre. It is situated in the narrow plain between the Lebanon and the sea, to which it once gave its own name (Jose- phus, yl?;/. V, 3, 1, TO fiiya TrtCiov YiCujro^ nuXcuig) at a point where the mountains recede to a distance of two miles ( Kenrick, P/iunicia, p. 19). Adjoining the city there are luxuriant gardens and orciiards, in which there is a profusion of the finest fruit trees suileii to the climate. " The plain is flat and low," says Jlr. Porter, author of the Handbooh for Sijria and Palestine, " but near the coast line rises a little hill, a spur from which shoots out a few hundred j-ards into the sea in a soutli- western direction. On the northern slope of the prom- ontory thus formed stands the old city of Zidon. The hill behind on the south is covered by the citadel" (£");- cyclop. Britannica, 8th ed. s. v. ). It had a very com- modious harbor, which is now nearly choked up with sand (Strabo, xvi, 75(5; Josephus, ,4 ?(^ xiv, 10, C). It was distant one day's journey from the fountains of the Jordan {ibid, v, 3, 1), and four hundred stadia from Berytus (Strabo, xvi, 756, 757). It was situated in the allotment of the tribe of Asher, but never conquered (Judg. i, 31) : on the contrary, it was sometimes a for- midable enemy (x, 12). Even in Joshua's time it was called Tsidon-rabba, or Great Zidon (Josh, xi, 8 ; xix, 28), or Zidon the Metropolis, scil. of Zidonia. This dis- trict appears to have embraced the states of Zidon, Tyre, and Aradas, and its inhabitants are always distinguish- ed from the inhabitants of the city itself (called "dwell- ers [■'3'yrT'] of Zidon") as D^3"ii;j, "Zidonians," or dwellers in the districts; and it seems in those early times to have extended northward to the Giblites, southward to the Carrael (Zebidun's border, Gen. xlix, 13). At a later peryid the boinidaries south were de- termined by the fluctuating issue of the struggle for the hegemony between Zidon and Tyre, while northward the river Tamyrus divided it from the State of Berytus. To the east, where it never had extended very far (Dan, a Zidonian colony, being described as being "far from the Zidonians," Judg. xviii, 7) in early days, it touched, at a later period, the territory of Damascus. The as- sumption, however, drawn by some writers from the in- exact M'ay in which the appellation Zidonian is used by