Zi'zah (Heb. Zizah', t^^''^, i. q. Ziza ; Sept. Zt^a ; Vulg. Ziza}, a Gershonite Levite, second son of Shimei (1 Chron. xxiii, 11); elsewhere (ver. 10) called Zina (q. v.).
Zizanion. See Tare.
Zju-g^vats (or Zju-gen), in Japanese mythology, is the New-year festival, which takes place on the first day of the lirst month (February),
Zlata Baba, in Slavonic my thology, was a goddess worshipped by the I'olos, whose golden statue (whence her name, t/alden woman) is said to have stood in a ^ temple on the Obi River. Many sacriliccs were made to her because she announced oracles to those desiring them.
Zlebog [pron. Zliehog], in Slavonic mythology, is the supreme evil deity, and at the same time a sur- name of all evil black deities, as the reverse of Uobri- bog. Czernebofj is identical with Zlebog.
Znicz, in Slavonic mythology, is a deity of the Rus- sians that was worshipped at Kiev through an eternal
4^ V^-^'W^^^^--
Aiii Jidy aud the Cliff of Ziz. (From a photo'iraph by the Editor. The faint Hue iu the batk^'round to the left
is the pass up the cliff.)
ZOAN
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ZOAN
fire. Itis thought that Znicz signifies/?-?. The priests of this god gave to the sick and suffering their advice in exchange for rich offerings.
Zo'an (Heb. Tso'an, yj:S.; Sept. Tari'c; Vulg. Ta- nk), an ancient city of Lower Egypt, situated on the eastern side of the Tanitic branch of the Nile, and men- tioned several times in the Old Test. (Numb, xiii, 22; Psa. Ixxviii, 12, 43; Isa. xix, 11, 13; xxx, 4; Ezek. XXX, 14). (In our account of the place we partly fol- low the art. by Poole in Smith's Diet, of the Bible.)
1. The name, preserved in the Coptic Jane, the Arabic San (a village still on the site), and the classical Tavic, Tunis (whence the Coptic transcription Tuneos), comes from the root ""S, "he moved tents" (Isa. xxxiii, 20), cognate with "ji'ti, "he loaded a beast of burden;" and thus signifies "a place of departure" (like Zaanannim, Josh, xix, 33, or Zaanaim, Judg. iv, 11, on a similar thoroughfare). Zoan lay near the eastern border of Lower Egypt. The sense of departure or removing, therefore, would seem not to indicate a mere resting- place of caravans, but a place of departure from a coun- try. The Egyptian name Ila-aicar or Pa-nwar [Ava- ris, 'Aovapig) means " the abode" or " house" of "going out" or "departure." Its more precise sense fixes that of the Shemitic equivalent. »
II. Ilistorij. — 1. From Manetho. — At a remote period, between the age when the pyramids were built and that of the empire, Egypt was invaded, overrun, and subdued by the strangers known as the Shepherds, who, or at least their first race, appear to have been Arabs cognate with the Phcenicians. How they entered Egypt does not appear. After a time they made one of themselves ^king, a certain Salatis, who reigned at Memphis, exact- hig tribute of Upper and Lower Egypt, and garrisoning the fittest places with especial regard to the safety of the eastern provinces, which he foresaw the Assyrians would desire to invade. With this view, finding in the Saite (better elsewhere Sethro'ite) nome, on the east of the Bubastite branch, a very fit city called Avaris, he rebuilt and very strongly walled it, garrisoning it with 240,000 men. He came hither in harvest-time (about the vernal equinox), to give corn and pay to the troops, and exercise them so as to terrify foreigners.
The position of Tanis explains the case. Like the other principal cities of this tract — Pelusium, IJubastis, and Heliopolis — it lay on the east bank of the river, to- wards Syria. It was thus outside a great line of de- fence, and afforded a protection to the cultivated lands to the east and an obstacle to an invader, while to re- treat from it was always possible, so long as the Egyp- tians held the river. But Tanis, though doubtless for- tified partly with the object of repelling an invader, was too far inland to be the frontier fortress. It was near enough to be the place of departure for caravans, per- haps was the last town in the Shepherd period, but not near enough to command the entrance of Egypt. Pelusium lay upon the great road to Palestine — it has been until lately placed too far north [see Sin] — and the plain was here narrow from north to south, so that no invader could safely pass the fortress; but it soon be- came broader, and, by turning in a south-westerly di- rection, an advancing enemy would leave Tanis far to the northward, and a bold general would detach a force to keep its garrison in check and march upon Heliop- olis and IMemiihis. An enormous standing militia, set- tled in the Bucolia, as the Egyptian militia afterwards was in neighboring tracts of the delta, and with its headquarters at Tanis, would have overawed Egypt, and securejl a retreat in case of disaster, besides main- taining hold of some of the most productive land in the country, and mainly for the former two objects we be- lieve Avaris to have been fortified.
2. From the F(/i/plian Monuments. — Apipi, probably Apophis of the fifteenth dynasty, a Shepherd-king who reigned shortly before the eighteenth dynasty, built a temple here to Set, the Egyptian Baal, and worshipped