[889] So Robertson Smith, art. “Angels” in the _Encyc. Brit._, 9th ed.
[890] So already in Deborah’s Song, Judg. v. 23, and throughout both J and E.
[891] Cf. especially Gen. xxxii. 29.
[892] Judg. vi. 12 ff.
[893] Robertson Smith, as above.
[894] 2 Sam. xiv. 20.
[895] Exod. xiv. 19 (?), xxiii. 20, etc.; Josh. v. 13.
[896] 2 Sam. xxiv. 16, 17; 2 Kings xix. 35; Exod. xii. 23. In Eccles. v. 6 this destroying angel is the minister of God: cf. Psalm lxxviii. 49_b_, _hurtful angels_—Cheyne, _Origin of Psalter_, p. 157.
[897] Balaam: Num. xxii. 23, 31.
[898] vi. 2-6.
[899] Vol. I., p. 114.
[900] ix.
[901] xl. 3 ff.
[902] xliii. 6.
[903] Zech. i. 18 ff.; Ezek. ix. 1 ff.
[904] Zech. i. 8: so even in the Book of Daniel we have _the man_ Gabriel—ix. 21.
[905] i. 9, 19; ii. 3; iv. 1, 4, 5; v. 5, 10; vi. 4. But see above, pp. 261 f.
[906] i. 8, 10, 11.
[907] iii. 1 compared with 2.
[908] iii. 6, 7.
[909] vi. 5.
[910] i. 9, etc.
[911] iii. 1. _Stand before_ is here used forensically: cf. the N.T. phrases to _stand before God_, Rev. xx. 12; _before the judgment-seat of Christ_, Rom. xiv. 10; and _be acquitted_, Luke xxi. 36.
[912] iii. 4. Here the phrase is used domestically of servants in the presence of their master. See above, p. 293, n. 826.
[913] ii. 3, 4.
[914] Hab. ii. 1: cf. also Num. xii. 6-9.
[915] First Vision, i. 12.
[916] x. 21, xii. 1.
[917] Isa. xxiv. 21.
[918] Book of Daniel x., xii.; Tobit xii. 15; Book of Enoch _passim_; Jude 9; Rev. viii. 2, etc.
[919] Psalm lxxviii. 49. See above, p. 312, n. 896.
[920] Amos iii. 6.
[921] 1 Kings xxii. 20 ff.
[922] 2 Sam. xxiv. 1; 1 Chron. xxi. 1. Though here difference of age between the two documents may have caused the difference of view.
[923] There are two forms of the verb, שׂטן, satan, and שׂטם, satam, the latter apparently the older.
[924] Num. xxii. 22, 32.
[925] 1 Sam. xxix. 4; 2 Sam. xix. 23 Heb., 22 Eng.; 1 Kings v. 18, xi. 14, etc.
[926] Zech. iii. 1 ff.; Job i. 6 ff.
[927] 1 Chron. xxi. 1.
[928] i. 6_b_.
[929] See Davidson in _Cambridge Bible for Schools_ on Job i. 6-12, especially on ver. 9: “The Satan of this book may show the beginnings of a personal malevolence against man, but he is still rigidly subordinated to Heaven, and in all he does subserves its interests. His function is as the minister of God to try the sincerity of man; hence when his work of trial is over he is no more found, and no place is given him among the _dramatis personæ_ of the poem.”
[930] Cheyne, _The Origin of the Psalter_, p. 272. Read carefully on this point the very important remarks on pp. 270 ff. and 281 f.