[1324] So Staerk, who thinks Amos I. made use of vv. 1-5.
[1325] ix. 1, אדם, _mankind_, in contrast to the tribes of Israel; 3, חרוץ, _gold_; 5, ישב as passive, cf. xii. 6; הוביש, Hi. of בּוּשׁ, in passive sense only after Jeremiah (cf. above, p. 412, on Joel); in 2 Sam. xix. 6, Hosea ii. 7, it is active.
[1326] See p. 442.
[1327] ix. 1.
[1328] Heb. _resting-place_: cf. Zech. vi. 8, _bring Mine anger to rest_. This meets the objection of Bredenkamp and others, that מנוחה is otherwise used of Jehovah alone, in consequence of which they refer the suffix to Him.
[1329] The expression _hath an eye_ is so unusual that Klostermann, _Theo. Litt. Zeit._, 1879, 566 (quoted by Nowack), proposes to read for עין ערי, _Jehovah’s are the cities of the heathen_. For אדם, _mankind_, as = _heathen_ cf. Jer. xxxii. 20.
[1330] So LXX.: Heb. _also_.
[1331] So LXX.: Heb. has verb in sing.
[1332] Cf. Nahum iii. 8; Isa. xxvi. 1.
[1333] Read מִבְטָחָה.
[1334] Deut. xxiii. 3 (Heb., 2 Eng.).
[1335] The prepositions refer to the half-breeds. Ezekiel uses the term _to eat upon the blood_, _i.e._ meat eaten without being ritually slain and consecrated, for illegal sacrifices (xxxiii. 35: cf. 1 Sam. xiv. 32 f.; Lev. xix. 26, xvii. 11-14).
[1336] מִצַָּּבָה for מִן־צָבָא; but to be amended to מַצָּבָה, 1 Sam. xiv. 12, _a military post_. Ewald reads מֻצָּבָה, _rampart_. LXX. ἀνάστημα = מַצֵּבָה.
[1337] ix. 10, מֹשֶׁל, cf. Dan. xi. 4; אפסי ארץ only in late writings (unless Deut. xxxiii. 17 be early)—see Eckardt, p. 80; 12, בצּרון is ἅπαξ λεγόμενον; the last clause of 12 is based on Isa. lxi. 7. If our interpretation of צדיק and נושע be right, they are also symptoms of a late date. [1338] נושׁע (ver. 9): the passive participle.
[1339] Cf. _Isaiah xl.—lxvi._ (Expositor’s Bible), p. 219.
[1340] Why _chariot from Ephraim_ and _horse from Jerusalem_ is explained in _Hist. Geog._, pp. 329-331.
[1341] See above.
[1342] Symbol of peace as the horse was of war.
[1343] Son of she-asses.
[1344] Mass.: LXX. _He_.
[1345] Heb. _blood of thy covenant_, but the suffix refers to the whole phrase (Duhm, _Theol. der Proph._, p. 143). The covenant is Jehovah’s; the blood, that which the people shed in sacrifice to ratify the covenant.
[1346] Heb. adds _there is no water in it_, but this is either a gloss, or perhaps an attempt to make sense out of a dittography of מבור, or a corruption of _none shall be ashamed_.
[1347] Isa. lxi. 7.
[1348] _Doctrine of the Prophets_, Note A, p. 472.
[1349] 14, on תימן see Eckardt; 15, זויות, Aramaism; כבשׁ is late; 17, התנוסס, only here and Psalm lx. 6; נוב, probably late.
[1350] So LXX.: Heb. reads, _thy sons, O Javan_.
[1351] LXX. ἐν σάλῳ τῆς ἀπειλῆς αὐτοῦ, _in the tossing of His threat_, בשער גערו (?) or בשער העדו. It is natural to see here a reference to the Theophanies of Hab. iii. 3, Deut. xxxiii. (see above, pp. 150 f.).
[1352] Perhaps וְיָכְלוּ, _overcome them_. LXX. καταναλώσουσιν.
[1353] Heb. _stones of a sling_, אבני קלע. Wellhausen and Nowack read _sons_, בני, but what then is קלע?
[1354] Reading דמם for Heb. והמו, _and roar_.
[1355] Heb. _like a flock of sheep His people_, (but how is one to construe this with the context?) _for (? like) stones of a diadem lifting themselves up (? shimmering) over His land_. Wellhausen and Nowack delete _for stones ... shimmering_ as a gloss. This would leave _like a flock of sheep His people in His land_, to which it is proposed to add _He will feed_. This gives good sense.
[1356] Wellhausen, reading טובה, fem. suffix for neuter. Ewald and others _He_. Hitzig and others _they_, the people.