[243] "Araunah the king" (2 Sam. xxiv. 23). The Temple Mount was usually called the "Mount of the House." It is only called Mount Moriah in 2 Chron. iii. 1. It cannot be regarded as certain that "the land of Moriah" (Gen. xxii. 2) is identical with it.
[244] "The present platform is 1521 feet long on the east, 940 on the south, 1617 on the west, 1020 on the north." Bartlett, _Walks about Jerusalem_, pp. 161-70; Williams, _The Holy City_, pp. 315-62. Kugle, _Gesch. der Baukunst_, p. 125. The excellent stone was supplied by quarries at Jerusalem itself. Comp. "Cavati sub terra montes." (Tac., _Hist._, v. 12). It may have been extended by Justinian when he built his church. See Ewald, iii. 232, "The Mount of the Temple was 500 yards square"; _Middoth_, c. 2. Comp. Ezek. xiii. 15-20, xlv. 2; Josephus, _Antt._, XV. xi. 3.
[245] Exod. i., ii.
[246] 1 Kings iv. 6, v. 13, 14, 17, 18, ix. 15, 21, xii. 18.
[247] Ewald thinks that it was only "at the beginning" that Solomon, like Sesostris (Diod. Sic., _Hist._, i. 56), could boast that his work was done without exacting bitter labour from his own countrymen. But 1 Kings ix. 22 shows that the king's opinion on this subject differed widely from that of his people (1 Kings xi. 28, xii. 3); for we are told that he did not make _servants_ of the children of Israel, but used them as military officers (_Sarim_) and chariot-warriors (_Shalishim_, τριστάται) and knights. It required a little euphemism to gild the real state of affairs. The details of numbers in the Books of Chronicles differ from those in the Kings.
[248] 1 Kings v. 13, ix. 22; 2 Chron. viii. 9. (Omitted in the LXX.)
[249] In token of this defeat of Solomon he was represented in a statue outside the church leaning his hand on his cheek with a gesture of sorrow.
[250] Professor Williams, _Prolus. Architectonicæ_.
[251] Professor Hoskins (_Enc. Brit._); Canina, _Jewish Antiquities_; Thrupp, _Ancient Jerusalem_; Count de Vogüé, _Le Temple de Jérusalem_.
[252] Fergusson, _Temples of the Jews_; E. Robbins, _Temple of Solomon_.
[253] Eupolemos (Euseb., _Præp. Evang._, ix. 30) and Alex. Polyhistor (Clem. Alex., _Strom._, i. 21) idly talk of help furnished to Solomon in building the Temple by an Egyptian King Vaphres, and of letters interchanged between them. Vaphres seems to be a mere anachronism for Hophra.
[254] The Phœnician style may, however, have been borrowed in part from Egypt.
[255] I have spoken of the Temple in _Solomon and his Times_ (Men of the Bible), and have there furnished some illustrations. The following special authorities may be referred to. Stade, i. 311-57, Friederich, _Tempel und Palast Salomo's_ (Innsbruck, 1887); Chipiez et Perrot, _Le Temple de Jérusalem_ (Paris, 1889); Warren, _Underground Jerusalem_; Wilson and Warren, _Recov. of Jerusalem_ (1871).
[256] _Parbarim_ (2 Kings xxiii. 11). Comp. 1 Chron. xxvi. 18 (A.V., "suburbs"; R.V., "precincts" and "Parbar"). Descriptions of the Temple, imperfect, and not always accordant with each other, are found in 1 Kings v.-vii.; 2 Chron. ii.-v.; Josephus, _Antt._, VIII. iii. 7, 8.
[257] As we infer from Psalms lii. 8, lxxxiv. 3, lxxvi. 2 (where "tabernacle" should be "covert"). Eupolemos (_ap._ Euseb., _Præp. Evang._, etc.). Scattered passages of the Talmud which refer mainly to Herod's Temple are full of extravagances.
[258] Jer. xxxvi. 10.
[259] 2 Chron. iv. 1. This could not have been the brazen altar of the wilderness, the fate of which we do not know. It was far larger, but probably on the same model, except that steps were forbidden as an approach to the altar of the Tabernacle (Exod. xx. 24-26). It is difficult to reconcile the description of the brazen altar with the distinct prohibition of that passage. Comp. Ezek. xliii. 17.
[260] The huge stone vase of Amathus was borne on a bull (Duncker, ii. 184). Josephus says that in making these oxen Solomon broke the law (_Antt._, VIII. vii. 5), as well as by the lions on his throne. The Romans called huge vases _lacus_.