[513] Comp. xi. 36.
[514] Jos., _B. J._, I. i. 2, VI. x. 1. In _Antt._, XII. v. 3, Josephus says he took Jerusalem by stratagem.
[515] Jahn, _Hebr. Commonwealth_, § xciv.; Ewald, _Hist. of Isr._, v. 293-300.
[516] 2 Macc. iv. 9-15: "The priests had no courage to serve any more at the altar, but despising the Temple, and neglecting the sacrifices, hastened to be partakers of the unlawful allowance in the place of exercise, after the game of Discus ... not setting by the honours of their fathers, but liking the glory of the Grecians best of all."
[517] 1 Macc. i. 29-40; 2 Macc. v. 24-26; Jos., _Antt._, XII. v. 4. Comp. Dan. xi. 30, 31. See Schürer, i. 155 ff.
[518] Jerome, _Comm. in Dan._, viii., ix.; Tac., _Hist._, v. 8; 1 Macc. i. 41-53; 2 Macc. v. 27, vi. 2; Jos., _Antt._, XII. v. 4.
[519] 1 Macc. ii. 41-64, iv. 54; 2 Macc. vi. 1-9, x. 5; Jos., _Antt._, XII. v. 4; Dan. xi. 31.
[520] Maccabee perhaps means "the Hammerer" (comp. the names Charles _Martel_ and _Malleus hæreticorum_). Simeon was called _Tadshî_, "he increases" (? Gk., Θασσίς).
[521] The numbers vary in the records.
[522] Prideaux, _Connection_, ii. 212. Comp. Rev. xii. 14, xi. 2, 3.
[523] John x. 22.
[524] On the death of Antiochus see 1 Macc. vi. 8; 2 Macc. ix.; Polybius, xxxi. 11; Jos., _Antt._, XII. ix. 1, 2.
[525] Polybius, _De Virt. et Vit._, Exc. Vales, p. 144; Q. Curtius, v. 13; Strabo, xi. 522; Appian, _Syriaca_, xlvi. 80; 1 Macc. vi.; 2 Macc. ix.; Jos., _Antt._, XII. ix. 1; Prideaux, ii. 217; Jahn, _Hebr. Commonwealth_ § xcvi.
[526] Dan. vii. 26.
[527] Dan. vii. 12. This is only explicable at all--and then not clearly--on the supposition that the fourth beast represents Alexander and the Diadochi. See even Pusey, p. 78.
[528] Ezek. i. 26; Psalm l. 3. Comp. the adaptation of this vision in Enoch xlvi. 1-3.
[529] Isa. l. 11, lx. 10-12, lxvi. 24, Joel iii. 1, 2. See Rev. i. 13. In the Gospels it is not "a son of man," but generally ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. Comp. Matt. xvi. 13, xxiv. 30; John xii. 34; Acts vii. 56; Justin, _Dial. c. Tryph._, 31.
[530] Comp. Mark xiv. 62; Rev. i. 7; Hom., _Il._, v. 867, ὁμοῦ νεφέεσσιν.
[531] Comp. Ezek. i. 26.
[532] It is so understood by the Book of Enoch; the Talmud (_Sanhedrin_, f. 98, 1); the early father Justin Martyr, _Dial. c. Tryph._, 31, etc. Some of the Jewish commentators (_e.g._, Abn Ezra) understood it of the people of God, and so Hofmann, Hitzig, Meinhold, etc. See Behrmann, _Dan._, p. 48.
[533] Dan. iv. 3, 34, vi. 26. See Schürer, ii. 247; Wellhausen, _Die Pharis. u. Sadd._, 24 ff.
[534] Dan. vii. 16, 22, 23, 27.
[535] Zech. ix. 9.
[536] See Schürer, ii. 138-187, "The Messianic Hope": he refers to Ecclus. xxxii. 18, 19, xxxiii. 1-11, xl. 13, l. 24; Judith xvi. 12; 2 Macc. ii. 18; Baruch ii. 27-35; Tobit xiii, 11-18; Wisdom iii. 8, v. 1, etc. The Messianic King appears more distinctly in _Orac. Sibyll._, iii.; in parts of the Book of Enoch (of which, however, xlv.-lvii. are of unknown date); and the Psalms of Solomon. In Philo we seem to have traces of the King as well as of the kingdom. See Drummond, _The Jewish Messiah_, pp. 196 ff.; Stanton, _The Jewish and Christian Messiah_, pp. 109-118.