[74] For the antithesis of "you" and "we," comp. vv. 11-18, ch. i, 12, 13; also Rom. iii. 19, 23 (_For there is no distinction_), Gal. ii. 15.
[75] =Poiountes ta thelêmata tês sarkos kai tôn dianoiôn= (ver. 3).
[76] Perhaps this double rendering may bring out the force of =kata to aiôna tou kosmou toutou=.
[77] In the posthumous _Erklärung des Briefes Pauli an die Epheser_--a valuable exposition, marked by Beck's theological acumen and lucidity.
[78] The =physei= of verse 3 thus corresponds to the =exousia tou aeros= of verse 2. "Sin entered into _the world_" (=kosmos=), Rom. v. 12, which signifies more than the nature of individual men.
[79] I John iii. 8; comp. John viii. 41-44.
"That in the ages to come He might show the exceeding riches of His grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. For by grace have ye been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, _it is_ the gift of God: not of works, that no man should glory. For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God afore prepared that we should walk in them."--EPH. ii. 7-10.
The plan which God has formed for men in Christ is of great dimensions every way,--in its length no less than in its breadth and height. He "raised us up and seated us together [Gentiles with Jews] in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, that _in the ages which are coming on_ He might show the surpassing riches of His grace." All the races of mankind and all future ages are embraced in the redeeming purpose, and are to share in its boundless wealth. Nor are the ages past excluded from its operations. God "afore prepared the good works in which" He summons us to walk. The highway of the new life has been in building since time began.
Thus large and limitless is the range of "the purpose and grace given us in Christ Jesus before times eternal" (2 Tim. i. 9). But what strikes us most in this passage is the exuberance of the grace itself. Twice over the apostle exclaims, "By grace you are saved": once in verse 5, in an eager, almost jealous parenthesis, where he hastens to assure the readers of their deliverance from the fearful condition just described (vv. 1-3, 5). Again, deliberately and with full definition he states the same fact, in verse 8: "For by grace you are saved, through faith; and this is not of yourselves, it is the gift of God. It does not come of works, to the end that none may boast."
These words place us on familiar ground. We recognize the Paul of Galatians and Romans, the dialect and accent of the apostle of salvation by faith. But scarcely anywhere do we find this wonder-working grace so affluently described. "God being rich in mercy, for the great love wherewith He loved us--the exceeding riches of His grace, shown in kindness toward us--the gift of God." _Mercy_, _love_, _kindness_, _grace_, _gift_: what a constellation is here! These terms present the character of God in the gospel under the most delightful aspects, and in vivid contrast to the picture of our human state outlined in the beginning of the chapter.
_Mercy_ denotes the Divine pitifulness towards feeble, suffering men, akin to those "compassions of God" to which the apostle repeatedly appeals.[80] It is a constant attribute of God in the Old Testament, and fills much the same place there that grace does in the New. "Of mercy and judgement" do the Psalmists sing--of mercy most. Out of the thunder and smoke of Sinai He declared His name: "Jehovah, a God full of compassion and gracious, slow to anger, and plenteous in mercy and truth, keeping mercy for thousands." The dread of God's justice, the sense of His dazzling holiness and almightiness threw His mercy into bright relief and gave to it an infinite preciousness. It is the contrast which brings in "mercy" here, in verse 4, by antithesis to "wrath" (ver. 3).[81] These qualities are complementary. The sternest and strongest natures are the most compassionate. God is "_rich_ in mercy." The wealth of His Being pours itself out in the exquisite tendernesses, the unwearied forbearance and forgivingness of His compassion towards men. The Judge of all the earth, whose hate of evil is the fire of hell, is gentler than the softest-hearted mother,--rich in mercy as He is grand and terrible in wrath.