[4568] Shabb. i. 3.
[4569] Similarly, the carpenter carried a small wooden rule behind his ear.
[4570] Already mentioned in Jer. xxxvi. 23, and in the Mishnah called Olar, {hebrew}. Kel. xii. 8.
[4571] Kel. ii. 7.
[4572] Kel. xii. 8.
[4573] Meg. 16 b.
[4574] Letters, other documents, or bales of merchandise, were sealed with a kind of red clay.
[4575] Meg. 17 a; 19 a.
[4576] Shabb. viii. 3.
[4577] Kel. xvii. 17.
[4578] Kel. xiii. 2.
[4579] Ab. iii. 16.
[4580] Baba B. 161 b.
[4581] u. s. 163 a, b; 164 a.
[4582] St. Luke xvi. 7.
[4583] Shem. R. 15.
[4584] The designations for the general formulary (Tophos, or Tiphos (Gitt. iii. 2), = typos), and for the special clauses (Toreph = Tropos) were of Greek derivation. For the full draft of the various legal documents we refer the reader to Note ix. at the end of Sammter's edition of Baba Mets. pp. 144-148. How many documents of this kind Jewish legalism must have invented, may be gathered from the circumstance that Herzfeld (u. s. p. 314) enumerates not fewer than thirty-eight different kinds of them! It appears that there were certain forms of these and similar documents, prepared with spaces left blank to be filled in (Gitt. iii. .2)
[4585] Baba M. i. 8.
[4586] The more full designation was Shetar Chobh, a writing of debt (Baba M. i. 6), or Shetar Milvah (Gitt. iii. 2), a writing of loan.
[4587] The attestation of the court was called Qiyum Beth Din, the establishment of the court,' Ashra, or Asharta, strengthening, or Henpheq (Baba Mez. 7 b), literally, the production, viz. before the court.
[4588] Baba B. 163 a, b.
[4589] Babha B. x. 8.
[4590] For the derivation and legal bearing of the term, see Löw, vol. ii. p. 82.
[4591] Babha M. 7.
[4592] Babha B. x. 8.
[4593] Although it is certain that letters of credit were used by the Jews of old, there is sufficient reason for believing that bills' were first introduced into commerce by the Italians, and not by Jews.
[4594] But Guisius (in Surenhusius' Mishna, vol. i. pp. 56, 57) gives a different derivation and interpretation, which the learned reader may consult for himself.
[4595] Babha B 46 b.
[4596] The difference between the Aris and the Chokher is stated in Jer. Bikkur. 64 b.
[4597] The difference between the Chokher and the Sokher is expressed in Tos. Demai vi. 2. Ugolini (Thes. vol. xx. pp. cxix., cxx.) not only renders but copies this passage wrongly. A more composite bargain of letting land and lending money for its better cultivation is mentioned in B. Mez. 69 b.
[4598] St. Luke xvi. 9.
[4599] This, and not they shall fail,' is the correct reading.
[4600] So in the Targ. on Hab. ii. 9, {hebrew}.
[4601] Ps. xv. i.; xxvii. 5, the latter being realistically understood in Siphra.
[4602] Comp. Schöttgen ad loc.
[4603] Yalkut, vol. i. p. 81 a, lines 19 &c, from top.
[4604] No doubt the equivalent for the Rabbinic {hebrew} accreditus, and used in the same sense.
[4605] Shem. R., ed. Warsh., p. 7 b, about the middle.
[4606] St. Luke xvi. 10.
[4607] ver. 13.
[4608] St. Luke xvi. 14-31.
[4609] St. Luke xvi. 14.
[4610] ver. 15.
[4611] Comp. St. Matt. xi. 12 and our remarks on the passage.
[4612] St. Luke xvi. 16, 17.
[4613] ver. 18.
[4614] vv. 16-22.
[4615] In later times Palestinian byssus seems to have been in great repute. See Herzfeld, Handelsgesch. p. 107.
[4616] Yoma iii. 6, 7.
[4617] Jer. Yoma iii. 6, p. 40 d.
[4618] Jer. Kidd. 62 c.
[4619] Shabb.26 a.
[4620] Kel. xxix.
[4621] Jer. Yoma iii. 6.
[4622] The better reading of ver. 20 is that adopted in the Revised Version: And a certain beggar named Lazarus' - only that we should render was cast.'