the followers of Christ should know how to distinguish them : and for that purpose our Lord gave them a rule which, in its use and application, was easy, certain, and universal.
Let us consider, L Against whom we are here cautioned —
The term " prophets," though often applied to those who foretold future events, is often to be understood of those only, who, like common ministers, were en- gaged in preaching the word of God. Of these, many were occupied in disseminating error, rather than truth ; and therefore they are justly called " false pro- phets ^" They were indeed, for the most part, very fair in their pretences, and specious in their appear- ance ; and in this respect were in sheep's clothing ; but their views and designs were hostile to the best interests of the Church : they were proud, selfish, covetous, worldly, and oppressive ; and when any opportunity arose of gratifying their mahgnant dis- positions, they manifested their true nature, and shewed themselves to be no other than " ravening wolves." Of this kind are they,
1 . Who lower the standard of the law —
[This was the constant aim of the Pharisees : they explained away the spirituality of the law, and reduced it to a mere letter. Their great object was, to reduce all religion to a few unmean- ing observances. Against such persons our Lord, not only in this, but in almost all his discourses, guarded his hearers. He represented them as hypocrites, and said, " Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees, which is hypocrisy." Against such also it is necessary to guard men in every age. Persons of this description often obtain considerable influence by means of their rank and office in the Church ; and make little use of that influence, except to decry all serious religion. Every thing beyond their own attainments they call enthusiasm ; and profligacy itself finds more favour in their eyes than true piety. Whatever therefore be their station or their influence, our Lord bids us to " beware of them." If indeed they sustain the sacred office of ministers, then we must " observe and do whatsoever they enjoin," so far, at least, as it accords with the word of God. But we must not follow them one hair's breadth
* 2 Pet. ii. 1. False prophets and false teachers are synonymous.